【摘要】 目的:分析生活方式相关因素和老年痴呆(阿尔茨海默病)的关系,以生活方式为切入点寻找老年痴呆的预防干预措施,以期降低老年痴呆的发病风险。方法:采用病例对照研究方法,以宁波市社区流行病学调查确诊的老年痴呆患者240例作为病例组,对照组按照性别、年龄(±3岁)、文化程度作为匹配条件,成组匹配病患同社区健康老年人240人。对全部入组对象进行神经心理学测验,包括简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、临床痴呆评定量表(CDR)等,并完成包括一般人口学特征、生活方式状况等内容的问卷调查。采用SPSS15.0进行统计学分析,计数资料间的比较采用卡方检验,多因素分析采用条件Logistic回归。结果:单因素分析显示:每天抽烟20支以上、食用咸菜及腌制品可能会增加阿尔茨海默病的发病风险(P<0.05);每周至少一次家庭活动、退休后继续工作、旅游、积极参与社会活动、规律体育锻炼、休闲活动、棋牌、阅读、使用电脑、认知功能训练、食用多不饱和脂肪酸油类、每天食用蔬菜则可能降低阿尔茨海默病的发病风险(P<0.05)。多因素分析发现:积极参与社会活动、棋牌、旅游、退休后继续工作、阅读(>30min/d)、每天进行体育锻炼、与朋友保持联系、子女看望、食用不饱和脂肪酸油、每天食用蔬菜水果为阿尔茨海默病的保护因素,其OR值(95%CI)分别为0.571(0.342~0.753)、0.623(0.343~0.889)、0.686(0.461~0.942)、0.534(0.326~0.714)、0.276(0.175~0.438)、0.538(0.336~0.738)、0.585(0.385~0.765)、0.466(0.316~0.745)、0.527(0.368~0.787)、0.482(0.316~0.665)。结论:舒适休闲的生活方式,规律的体育锻炼,良好的社会支持和健康合理的饮食是阿尔茨海默病的保护因素,应积极开展健康教育,以助老年人建立健康生活方式,有效降低阿尔茨海默病的发病风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the lifestyle risk factors and protective factors for Alzheimer’s Disease.Methods Two hundred and forty patients of ADI(104 males and 138 females)and 240 healthy controls(104 males and 138 females)were included in the research.A 1∶1 matched case-control study was conducted.All of the subjects in the case and the control group were selected from an epidemiology survey in Ningbo city communities.We investigated lifestyle factors associated with MCI.The data were analyzed by statistical technique of Chi-square test and conditional logistic regression by SPSS 15.0.Results Multiple factors analysis confirmed that participation in social activities,playing chess or joke,travelling,continuative work after retirement,reading,regular physical exercise,friendship,meeting children,using saturated fatty acids,daily consumption of fruits and vegetables were protective factors of AD.The OR values were 0.571(0.342~0.753),0.623(0.343~0.889),0.686(0.461~0.942),0.534(0.326~0.714),0.276(0.175~0.438),0.538(0.336~0.738),0.585(0.385~0.765),0.466(0.316~0.745),0.527(0.368~0.787),0.482(0.316~0.665),respectively.Conclusions A positive,leisure lifestyle,healthy diet and avoidance of risk factors could effectively reduce the risk of AD.更多还原