【摘要】 2009-2011年,在成都平原稻茬麦区开展了稻草还田方式及还田量对机播小麦立苗质量和产量建成的影响研究。试验设置两种稻草还田方式即全喂入式联合收割机和半喂入式联合收割机粉碎还田(简称全喂入和半喂入方式)、4种还田量(0、4、8、12t/hm2)。结果表明,半喂入方式下小麦的播种深度、种子有效覆盖比例及出苗均匀度均高于全喂入式,各生育阶段干物质积累量和叶面积指数分别增加9.1%~28.7%和5.5%~24.8%,产量提高11.1%。半喂入方式下随着还田量的增加,播种深度、出苗率及出苗均匀度呈下降趋势。相较于无秸秆处理,秸秆还田处理小麦在出苗后群体扩大迅速,各生育阶段群体质量较优,产量增加2.2%~11.0%。稻草还田还可以缓解耕层土壤温度变化,减少棵间水分蒸发。综上,采用半喂入式联合收割机机收水稻,既便于稻草还田,又利于提高小麦机播质量和产量。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to improve wheat mechanical sowing quality and yield under rice straw mulching condition,from 2009 to 2011,effect of rice straw returning patterns and mulching amounts on mechanical sowing quality,growth and development of wheat was studied in Guanghan,Sichuan province. Two rice straw returning patterns and four straw mulching quantities were set. In the test of straw returning pattern,straw was chopped by whole feeding type harvester and half feeding type respectively. In the test of straw mulching quantities,0,4,8,12t / hm2was set. The results showed that,the rice straw was chopped by half feeding type harvester,mechanical sowing depth,effective coverage ratio and emergence uniformity of wheat were higher than whole feeding type,dry matter accumulation and leaf area index increased by9. 1 %- 28. 7 % and 5. 5 %- 24. 8 % respectively in different growing stage,and the yield increased by 11. 1 %. In the condition of straw chopping by half feeding type harvester,with the straw mulching amount increasing,sowing depth,effective coverage ratio and emergence uniformity were all decreased,but the population quality was increased rapidly after emergence compared with no straw returning treatment. From tillering stage to maturity stage,the dry matter accumulations of straw mulching treatments were all higher than no straw mulching treatment,and the yields were increased by 2. 2 %- 11. 0 %. With straw mulching,the topsoil temperature change was eased and soil evaporation was reduced. Rice straw chopped by half feeding type harvester can improve wheat mechanical sowing quality and yield,and in the current production levels of Sichuan Basin,whole rice straw can be returned.更多还原