【摘要】 马胃蝇蛆病在中国新疆地区马科动物中广泛流行,其中的病原体——黑腹胃蝇的感染比例最高。对该地区感染普氏野马、蒙古野驴和当地家马的黑腹胃蝇195条线粒体COI基因序列进行分析,得到了57个单倍型;采用邻接法(NJ)构建单倍型之间的系统发育树显示存在6个遗传分化程度较大的簇。结果表明:1)感染3种宿主的黑腹胃蝇单倍型多样性均很高,说明感染同一宿主个体的黑腹胃蝇来自多个母本;2)感染3种宿主的黑腹胃蝇遗传分化程度较低,其中感染野马和野驴的黑腹胃蝇群体基因交流最频繁,说明放归普氏野马种群每年重复感染的黑腹胃蝇主要源自同域野驴;3)当地黑腹胃蝇传播期较为滞后,其传播盛期发生在家马离开以后。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gasterophilosis is a significant threat to equids in the desert steppe of Xinjiang,China,where Gasterophilus pecorum( Diptera: Gasterophilidae) is the dominant botfly species. A population analysis was conducted on 195 individual G. pecorum larvae collected from three host species,the Przewalski’s horse,the domestic horse and the Asiatic wild ass.The sequence of the maternally inherited mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I( COI) gene in the 195 G. pecorum larvae was analyzed to assess the population differentiation of G. pecorum,and 57 haplotypes was obtained. High haplotype diversity was observed among G. pecorum populations from all host species,indicating that the G. pecorum infecting one host had multiple maternal ancestors. By using the neighbor joining method,a phylogenetic tree was constructed and consisted of six clades,suggesting a high degree of genetic differentiation. The G. pecorum infecting the three hosts had a low degree of genetic differentiation,and the G. pecorum populations infecting Przewalski’s horse and wild ass had the most frequent gene exchanges,indicating that G. pecorum infecting Przewalski’s horse were mainly transmitted from the Asiatic wild ass. The infectious period of G. pecorum lagged and the infection prosperous period occurred after the domestic horses left. The study revealed the etiology and the prime of the Gasterophilus infection in Xinjiang,and had important implications for further study of this parasite as well as for the management and conservation of Przewalski’s horse.更多还原