【摘要】 硒是哺乳动物必需的一种微量营养元素,主要以硒代半胱氨酸的形式存在于各种硒蛋白中,硒的主要生物功能通过硒蛋白实现.在25种哺乳动物硒蛋白中,有7种硒蛋白位于内质网,分别为2型脱碘酶、15-kDa硒蛋白、硒蛋白M、硒蛋白T、硒蛋白K、硒蛋白S和硒蛋白N.除了2型脱碘酶外,对其余内质网硒蛋白知之甚少.最近一些研究显示,一些内质网硒蛋白在氧化还原平衡调节、蛋白质折叠质量控制、错误折叠蛋白从内质网逆向转运至胞质、Ca2+稳态调节、内质网应激调节及炎症调节等过程中发挥作用.本文介绍了每种内质网硒蛋白的结构、功能及其生理和病理作用的一些最新研究进展,并对未来需要研究的内容进行了展望.更多还原

【Abstract】 Selenium is an essential micronutrient in mammals. The major biological form of this micronutrient is the amino acid selenocysteine, which is presented in the active sites of selenoproteins. 7 of 25 mammalian selenoproteins have been identified as residents of the endoplasmic reticulum(ER), including type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase(DI2), the 15-kDa selenoprotein, and selenoproteins K, M, N, S, and T. Most of these proteins are poorly characterized except for DI2. However, recent studies implicate some of them play the role in redox regulation, quality control of protein folding in the ER, retrotranslocation of misfolded proteins from the ER to the cytosol, and regulation of calcium homeostasis, ER stress and inflammation. This review summarizes recent findings about the structure, function, and physiological and pathological roles of the ER-resident selenoproteins. In addition, some future works on these proteins are suggested.更多还原