【摘要】 动作发展是儿童早期发展的重要方面,与个体健康、认知、情绪、社会性发展都存在着重要联系。儿童早期是动作发展的敏感期,因此如何科学地评价儿童早期动作发展情况变得十分关键。通过文献分析的方法,回顾了儿童早期动作发展研究的历史,进而分析比较国内外常用的婴幼儿(0~3岁)与学龄前儿童(3~6岁)相关动作测量工具。总结多个动作测量工具的主要特征和测量方法的发展趋势,以期为我国正确运用这些工具提供参考。研究发现:1)儿童早期动作发展测试的重点由动作结果评价转向动作过程评价;2)婴幼儿时期动作测量的对象多为特殊群体,学龄前时期动作测量的对象转向普通儿童;3)目前儿童早期动作发展评价以粗大动作发展测量为主,精细动作测量工具较为少见;4)儿童早期动作发展测量出现了从综合化向专门化方向发展的趋势,测量变得更加科学。更多还原

【Abstract】 Motor development,which is of great relevance to individual’s physical fitness,cognition,emotion and sociality,is one of the most important aspects of young children’s( 0-6 years of age) development. This age period is also sensitive to their motor development. Therefore,assessment method of their motor skills is very important. Based on literature analysis method,this paper reviewed research history on young children’s motor development and compared the prevalent assessment tools of motor skills which used in foreign nations nowadays,in order to provide a reference for China after summarizing on main characteristics of assessment tools and method trend. The findings were as follows: 1) Assessment focus of young children’s motor development changed from movement outcome to movement process; 2) Assessment of infants motor development pointed to special groups and preschool children’s assessment pointed to normal ones; 3) There were many tools for assessment of children’s gross motor development,while for assessment of children’s fine motor development were rare; 4) There was a trend which showed change from generalization to specialization in assessment which made assessment become more accurate.更多还原