【摘要】 研究了高渗与低渗胁迫对离体培养的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)不同发育期胚胎中生化成分含量及消化酶活性的影响。结果显示:从原肠期发育到出膜前期,对照组(盐度15)胚胎中蛋白含量降低(P<0.05)、胰蛋白酶与胃蛋白酶活性升高(P<0.05),脂类含量(P>0.05)和脂肪酶活性(P<0.05)降低,碳水化合物含量和淀粉酶活性均在眼点期升高(P<0.05)而在出膜前又降低(P<0.05);低渗胁迫引起胚胎蛋白含量降低(P<0.05),而高渗胁迫导致胚胎蛋白含量升高(P<0.05);高渗胁迫对胚胎脂类含量无显著影响(P>0.05),而低渗胁迫引起出膜前期胚胎中脂类含量显著降低(P<0.05);高、低渗胁迫对胚胎碳水化合物含量均无显著影响(P>0.05);除高、低渗胁迫均显著降低眼点期胚胎淀粉酶活性(P<0.05)而引起出膜前期胚胎胰蛋白酶活性略降低(P>0.05)外,低渗胁迫导致不同发育时期胚胎消化酶活性升高,而高渗胁迫导致酶活性降低;除脂肪酶外,渗透胁迫对原肠期胚胎消化酶活性的影响均具有显著性(P<0.05)。研究结果说明,蛋白质和脂类是中华绒螯蟹胚胎发育过程中重要的能源物质与结构物质,渗透胁迫通过改变中华绒螯蟹胚胎消化酶的活性进而影响胚胎对卵黄物质的分解与利用,最终影响胚胎的发育。本实验结果提示,河口盐度过高或过低均可能对中华绒螯蟹早期胚胎的发育及后期幼体的质量产生潜在的不利影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Embryonic development of the Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis,is completed in estuaries where they are exposed to frequent and abrupt changes in environmental salinity.Biochemical composition(carbohy-drates,proteins and lipids) content and digestive enzyme(amylase,lipase,pepsin and trypsin) activity were de-termined in three developmental stages(gastrula,eyespot and pre-hatching stage) of E.sinensis eggs under hyper-or hypo-osmotic stress.Increases in pepsin and trypsin activity(P<0.05) and decreases in protein(P<0.05),lipid content(P>0.05) and lipase activity(P<0.05) in the eggs of the control group were noticed during embryonic de-velopment.Total carbohydrate content and amylase activity increased at the eyespot stage(P<0.05),whereas they reduced during the pre-hatching stages(P<0.05).The protein content during all three developmental stages de-creased under hyper-osmotic stress while it increased under hypo-osmotic stress(P<0.05).Total lipid content was unaffected by hyper-osmotic stress at any developmental stage,whereas it reduced significantly at the pre-hatching stage under hypo-osmotic stress(P<0.05).Total carbohydrate content did not show any significant variation after osmotic stress.Hyper-osmotic stress reduced enzyme activity at the three developmental stages;however,hypo-osmotic stress enhanced it,with the exception of reducing amylase activity in the eyespot stage(P<0.05) and trypsin activity in the pre-hatching stage under both hyper-and hypo-osmotic stress(P>0.05).With the exception of lipase,the effect of salinity changes on digestive enzymes was only statistically significant during the gastrula stage(P<0.05).We suggest that proteins and lipids are important structural materials of embryonic development and provide energy for this process.Osmotic stress changed the activity of digestive enzymes,which further af-fects the use of yolk substances,and consequently affects embryonic development.Extremely high or low salinity in estuaries potentially affects the embryonic development of E.sinensis,especially under salt-water encroach-ment.更多还原