【摘要】 目的:探讨贵州省黔南州3～6岁苗族和布依族儿童神经行为发育状况及其影响因素,并比较两民族危险因素和临床资料的差异,为早期干预提供依据。方法:2012年1月-2012年8月共收集689名儿童作为研究对象,按民族分为苗族组(328名)和布依族组(361名),分别进行问卷调查,采用中国韦氏儿童智力量表进行检查及神经行为发育评分,并对影响神经行为发育的相关因素进行Logistic多元回归分析。结果:①两民族智商发育检查结果比较:苗族组328人,正常319人(97.25%),临界5人(1.52%),低下4人(1.22%);布依族组361人,正常358人(99.17%),临界2人(0.55%),低下1人(0.28%),两民族智商发育情况比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.67,P﹤0.01)。②两民族儿童神经行为发育影响因素比较:苗族组在父母吸烟、父母亲文化程度、父母饮酒、喜欢食鱼类食物、毒物接触史等方面与布依族组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。③两民族儿童智商水平比较:苗族组3岁、4岁及5岁儿童操作智商(PIQ)和全量表智商(FIQ)与布依族组同年龄段比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。而苗族组6岁儿童PIQ和FIQ分别与布依族组6岁儿童比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。④两民族儿童神经行为发育得分比较:苗族组3岁和4岁神经行为发育总分、行为能力、被动肌张力分别与布依族组同年龄段比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。结论:黔南州苗族与布依族3～6岁儿童神经行为发育有一定的差别,其影响因素为父母文化程度、父母吸烟、父母饮酒、喜欢食鱼类食物、毒物接触史等与神经行为发育有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To explore the status and influencing factors of neurobehavioral development of 3-6-year-old children of Miao nationality and Buyi nationality in Qiannan Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou province,compared the differences of risk factors and clinical data between the children of Miao nationality and the children of Buyi nationality,and provide a basis for early intervention.Methods:A total of 689 children were collected as study objects from January to August in 2012,and then the children were divided into Miao nationality group(328 children) and Buyi nationality group(361 children) according to nationality,the children in the two groups were investigated by a questionnaire,Wechsler Intelligence Scale was used to evaluate neurobehavioral development of the children,the related factors were analyzed by logistic multivariate regression analysis.Results:The test results of intelligence quotient: among 328 children in Miao nationality group,319 children(97.25%) were normal,5 children(1.52%) were critical,4 children(1.22%) were low;among 361 children in Buyi nationality group,358 children(99.17%) were normal,2 children(0.55%) were critical,one child(0.28%) was low,there was statistically significant difference between the two groups(χ2=3.67,P﹤0.01).Influencing factors of neurobehavioral development of children in the two groups: there were statistically significant differences in parental smoking,parental educational levels,parental drinking,liking fish,and contact history of poisons between the two groups(P<0.01).Intelligence quotients of children in the two groups: there were statistically significant differences in performance intelligence quotient(PIQ) and full intelligence quotient(FIQ) of children aged 3,4,and 5 years between the two groups(P﹤0.01),but there was no statistically significant difference in PIQ and FIQ of 6-year-old children between the two groups(P﹥0.05).There were statistically significant differences in total score of neurobehavioral development,active ability,and passive muscular tension of children aged 3 and 4 years old between the two groups(P﹤0.01).Conclusion:The levels of neurobehavioral development in 3-6-year-old children of Miao nationality and Buyi nationality have a certain difference,the influencing factors include parental educational levels,parental smoking,parental drinking,liking fish,and contact history of poisons.更多还原