【摘要】 为了减轻水电站建设过程中,弃渣集中堆放对生态环境的负面影响,在工程结束后需要对渣场实施生态修复工作。本文根据我国水电建设集中的黄河上游地区两个分别完成5年和10年的渣场植被恢复情况,结合渣场地貌特征的变化,通过植被调查并与天然植被相比较,分析了渣场生态修复对植被分布以及种群演替过程的影响,并评价了人工抚育措施的效果。结果表明,位于沟壑区的渣场形成了能够拦蓄坡面径流的平坦台地,改善了植物生长的水肥条件;修复区内乔木和灌木生长状况良好,植被覆盖度及生长状况均明显优于附近天然坡面。同时,水肥条件的改善增加了能够支持的总生物量,使得修复区能够快速建立灌木及草本植物的优势种群。人工抚育措施(灌溉和围栏)对于修复区植被的生长有着重要意义;其中围栏对于减少牲畜对植被的啃食、加快地面有机物的积累有着非常显著的作用。研究认为,对于渣场的生态修复措施不仅能够避免对当地生态环境的负面影响,而且能够形成优于当地自然坡地的生境。更多还原

【Abstract】 Waste rock dumps during hydropower plants construction could have negative impacts on ecological environments of the project area,and ecological restorations such as revegetation are often required after completion of the projects.This paper presents a study on ecological restoration for two damp sites in the upper Yellow River,topsoiled and revegetated for 5 and 10 years,respectively.Soil and vegetation surveys were conducted to examine the effect of restoration measures including irrigation and fencing.The results showed that at the two sites,arbor and bushes are both growing well and vegetation coverages are better than those on the natural slopes;irrigation and fencing have had positive impacts on vegetation recovery.This study also showed that by topsoiling and revegetating the rock dumps piled in the gully area,the newly formed terraces captured more runoff and sediments washed down from the hill slopes;the finer soil grains and nutrients retained on the terraces we are favorable for vegetation growth and further establishment of a self-sustaining plant eco-system.更多还原