【摘要】 清代文化在中国古代文化史上具有十分特殊的地位,化汉与汉化、右文与禁文、汉学与宋学、集成与反思是认识清代文化的四个基本维度。清代文化的基本结构是满清文化与汉人文化并存,化汉与汉化双向互动,但总体而言却是汉化为主,化汉为辅,结果则是满归于汉。清代统治者以稽古右文为基本政策,而这些政策无不是提倡与禁锢、搜罗与收缴、收录与刊落、建设与摧毁的矛盾集合体。清代文化中,汉学十分发达,宋学也同样兴盛,但两者并未融合一体,化成"清学"。在右文与禁文政策的影响下,清代文化明显地显示出集成与总结的特征,然而,明清变易、清末的国门打开等又提供了新的思想资源与动能,使得清代文化自始至终具有反思与批判的特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Culture from the Qing Dynasty has occupied an extremely important position in the history of ancient Chinese culture,assimilation of the Han nationality and the adaptation to the Han culture,support for literature and ban on literature,Han studies and studies of Song Dynasty,integration and reflection,these are the four basic dimensions for understanding the Qing culture. The basic structure of the Qing culture was the coexistence of Manchurian culture and the Han culture,and the interaction between assimilation of and adaptation to the Han culture,yet the latter was the main trend,overshadowing the latter,resulting in the subjection of Manchurian culture to the Han culture. The rulers of Qing Dynasty took"Resorting to Ancient Convention and Supporting Literature"as their basic policies,and these policies were unexceptionally paradoxes of promotion and prohibition,collection and confiscation,anthologizing and banning,construction and destruction. Amidst the Qing culture,Han studies and Song studies enjoyed prosperity,yet the two did not integrate into"Qing studies". Under the influence of both supporting and banning literature,the Qing Dynasty culture clearly demonstrates the characteristics of integration and conclusion,yet the change of regime between the Ming and Qing dynasties and the opening of border to western colonialism in late Qing Dynasty provided new intellectual sources and momentum so that the Qing culture contained reflective and critical features during its entire span.更多还原