【摘要】 针对陕西黄土高原旱地雨养苹果园季节性干旱缺水严重的实际问题,以9年生信浓红苹果为试验材料,研究了集雨保墒措施对苹果园土壤水分、温度和叶片生理的影响。结果表明:在0～60cm土层,起垄覆膜+行间秸秆覆盖、起垄覆膜和秸秆覆盖措施可分别提高土壤水分含量11.78%～20.94%、7.90%～13.52%和5.86%～8.24%;60～200cm土层,起垄覆膜+行间秸秆覆盖、起垄覆膜和秸秆覆盖措施可分别提高土壤水分含量9.22%～10.87%、5.63%～7.76%,和4.12%～4.89%;在苹果生育期,起垄覆膜提高土壤温度2.1℃,起垄覆膜+行间覆盖秸秆措施提高0.9℃,秸秆覆盖则使土壤温度下降1.8℃。起垄覆膜+行间覆盖秸秆措施的叶片相对含水量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率最高,起垄覆膜次之,秸秆覆盖再次之,对照最低,不同处理的叶片气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度差异不显著。建议陕西黄土高原苹果生产中采用起垄覆膜+垄沟覆草的集雨保墒措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aiming at serious soil water shortage caused by seasonal drought in apple orchards on dry highland of the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi province,the effects of rainwater-collection and soil moisture conserving ways on soil moisture,temperature and leaf physiological characteristics based on 9-year-old"xinnonghong"apple were studied in this paper.The results showed that in 0～60cm soil layer,the soil water content under the condition of ridge film mulching-straw mulching,ridge film mulching,straw mulching increased 5.86%～8.24%,7.90%～13.52%,5.86%～8.24%than CK,respectively.In 60～200cm soil layer,the soil water content under the condition of ridge film mulching-straw mulching,ridge film mulching,straw mulching increased 9.22%～10.87%,5.63%～7.76%,4.12%～4.89%than CK,respectively.The soil temperature under the condition of ridge film mulching,ridge film mulching-straw mulching increased 2.1℃,0.9℃,respectively.While under condition of straw mulching,it decreased 1.8℃ than CK in the growth season.The order from high to low for the leaf relative water content,net photosynthetic rates and transpiration rate under different treatments was ridge film mulching-straw mulching,film mulching,straw mulching,CK.The difference of leaf stomatal conductance and intercellular CO 2 concentration among those treatments were not significant.The ridge film mulchingditch mulching is recommended for major apple producing areas of Loess Plateau in Shaanxi province.更多还原