【摘要】 交通传感器网络节点的布局关系到智能交通系统的经济效益.文中利用交通信息空间特性的新测度,在传感器最大信息价值和最小投资成本的博弈中建立了最大综合价值优化模型,并通过构造有向图将模型求解转化为有向图的最短路问题,分析了该模型的相关参数并给出了各参数的数学描述和标定方法.为了简化问题,在最大综合价值模型的基础上给出了简化模型,并推导出传感器个数与综合价值的函数关系.最后通过北京市三环路传感器布局实例,确定了北京市三环路的最优断面传感器个数为142,最佳布设间距约为676m.结果表明,与广泛应用的图论模型相比,文中模型不但能确定最优传感器的个数,还能给出各传感器的最佳位置.针对不同情形对模型各参数进行标定,结果表明,文中模型易于扩展到不同城市、不同道路条件、不同传感器类型的情形,具有很好的普适性.更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper deals with the layout of sensors in traffic networks,a key problem related to the economic benefit of intelligent transportation system(ITS).In the investigation,first,a new measure describing the spatial characteristics of traffic information is used to construct a maximum integrated value model(MIVM) based on the game between the maximum information value and the minimum investment cost of sensors,and the model is solved by constructing a directed graph and by making use of the shortest path algorithm(SPA) of the directed graph.Then,the model parameters are analyzed and the corresponding mathematical methods to describe and calibrate the parameters are presented.Moreover,in order to simplify the problem,a simplified model based on the MIVM is given and the relationship between the sensor number and the integrated value is determined.Finally,a case study on Beijing 3rd Ring Road is performed,with the optimal section sensor number and the best sensor spacing being determined as 142 and about 676 m,respectively.The results indicate that,as compared with the widely-applied graph theory models,the MIVM helps to obtain not only the optimal sensor number but also the optimal location of each sensor.Besides,from the calibration results of model parameters in different conditions,it is found that the MIVM can be universally applied because it can be easily used for different cities,roads and sensor types.更多还原