【摘要】 根据中外史料、特别是英国在南中国海自乾隆年间以来的测绘史料和航海志,介绍和研究了英国海军海图官局及日美法德四国近代测绘南沙群岛海域、即水文地理调查历史。探讨了高尖石及子虚乌有的1866年英国人蒲拉他士漂流东沙群岛、神狐暗沙与霍尔斯布尔格1821年绘制的南沙群岛海图,并且着重研究和考述了二战以前几个西方国家在南沙群岛的秘密水文勘测,这包括:英日1926年至1939年在南沙群岛、即"危险区域"的秘密勘测,以及美法两国在这一区域的一些秘密水文调查。指出:将17世纪以来的行船航海时对南海诸岛各险礁暗沙的经纬度测定落实在方格或标经纬度的海图上并不难,但是后来的行船者发现有的标在经纬度海图上的险礁暗沙并不存在,只是今天的三沙市地图却全单照录了,应当纠正。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the historical materials home and abroad,especially the mapping data and logbooks about the South China Sea made by the United Kingdom since the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty,the paper introduces and studies the history of hydrographical survey over the waters of South China Sea Islands made by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office as well as Japan,America,France and Germany in the modern times.After discussing Gaojianshi Island and the history that Pratas,an imaginary Englishman,drifted to Dongsha Islands and Shenhu Shoal in 1866,along with the chart of South China Sea Islands drawn by Halls Bulger in 1821,the study puts emphasis on the textual researches into secret hydrographic exploration in South China Sea Islands before the Second World War by a few western countries.For instance,the United Kingdom carried out the secret exploration in South China Sea Islands which was then known as "Dangerous Ground"from 1926 to 1939,and the similar secret investigation was also done by America and France.It is pointed out that it was not difficult to mark the latitude and longitude measurement of dangerous reefs and shoals in South China Sea Islands onto the charts with the square as well as latitude and longitude during the process of navigation since the 1600s.However the later navigators found no existence of some dangerous reefs and shoals marked in the charts of latitude and longitude and the map of Sansha City at present was entirely included though,which are supposed to be corrected.更多还原