【摘要】 作为国家教会,18世纪的英格兰教会在履行宗教职责方面尽管并非无可指摘,但总体可谓称职。在相对平稳的17世纪末与18世纪前期,国教会的主流地位亦相对稳固,但来自力倡理性宗教的自然神论者的思想冲击,仍给国教会带来了不小的压力和挑战。进入18世纪后期,随着社会变革的日益加深及加速进行,国教会既有的体制性和结构性弱点暴露无遗;与此同时,以循道宗为代表的福音运动的兴起及其蔓延、渗透,以及新教不从国教派、天主教派的重新活跃与日益发展壮大,则进一步动摇了国教会的独尊地位,加剧了国教会的危机。不过,主流教会的危机却并不意味着宗教的衰落,毋宁说,主流教会与其他教会或教派的起落消长,预示着的是英国宗教多元竞争的变动趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the 18th century,the Church of England as the state church might be said to have performed its religious role dutifully,although there is no denying that it also had some defects in carrying out this role.In the relatively steady period of the late 17th century and the first half of the 18th century,the ascendancy of the Church of England seemed to be stable,but some impacts from deism and deists brought big pressures and challenges to it.When entering the second half of the 18th century,the Church of England manifested its institutional and structural defects,as the social changes became more profoundly and speedily,.Meanwhile,the rise and spreading of Methodism,the growth of the Dissent and Catholicism,further shook the given position of the Church of England and brought some crises to it.Nevertheless,the mainstream church’s crises does not mean the decline of religious decline in general,rather,the rise and fall of mainstream church and other marginal churches do indicate a tendency of religious pluralism in the coming days.更多还原