【摘要】 目的:比较密闭微波辅助提取法(PMAE)、聚焦微波辅助提取法(FMAE)及微波辐射-溶剂回流提取法(PMIRE)3种微波辅助方法用于提取苦参生物碱的差异,探讨PMAE,FMAE,PMIRE的提取过程及其微波作用机制。方法:以苦参碱与氧化苦参碱为目标物,采用HPLC测定,通过优化微波功率、提取温度、提取时间、药材颗粒度、固液比等试验因素,计算其热力学函数,电子扫描电镜观察药材表面结构变化。结果:与常规的回流提取(SRE)法相比,PMAE,FMAE,PMIRE的提取效率明显提高,其热力学函数ΔH°和ΔS°明显增大,ΔG°更小。微波作用能使药材表面结构发生细胞破壁,强化提取过程。结论:微波辅助提取苦参生物碱的提取效率均优于常规的溶剂回流提取法;微波辅助的方式、作用程度、提取过程不同,提取效率有较大差异;PMAE提取时间最短;PMIRE由于微波直接作用强,细胞破壁效果更好,提取率最高,且仪器设备简单,操作简便。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To compare differences of pressurized microwave-assisted extraction method(PMAE),focused microwave-assisted extraction method(FMAE) and post microwave irradiated-reflux extraction method(PMIRE) in extracting alkaloids from Sophora flavescens,and investigate extraction process and microwave mechanism of these 3 kinds of microwave assisted extraction methods.Method: With oxymatrine and matrine as target alkaloids,which were determined by HPLC,thermodynamic functions were calculated by optimizing microwave power,extraction temperature,extraction time,solid-liquid ratio,medicinal granule and other factors,surface structural change of herbs was observed by electronic scanning microscope.Result:Compared with conventional solvent reflux extraction(SRE),extraction efficiency of PMAE,FMAE and PMIRE increased significantly,ΔH°and ΔS°of alkaloids increased obviously,but ΔG°became smaller.Microwave irradiation could enable cell wall of herbs surface structure to rupture,and strengthen extraction process.Conclusion: Extraction efficiency of alkaloids from S.flavescens with microwave assisted extraction was superior to SRE;Extraction efficiency had large differences by different microwave assisted manners,irradiation degree and extraction process;PMAE had shortest extraction time in the closed system;Because of strong microwave direct role,PMIRE had the best cell-rupture and extraction yield,and its equipment was simple and easy-operating.更多还原