【摘要】 目的了解住院患者医院感染的发生情况与影响因素的关系,为制定医院感染监控措施提供依据,并开展有效的目标性监测。方法依照卫生部《医院感染监测规范》,对2009、2010年某日0∶00-24∶00的住院患者,采取床旁调查与查阅住院病历相结合方法,填写统一调查表进行医院感染现患率调查,并对资料统计分析。结果2009、2010年两次共调查住院患者1122例,实查率分别为99.48%、99.28%;现患率分别为5.96%和7.07%,差异无统计学意义;医院感染部位以下呼吸道感染为主,占42.27%,其次为泌尿道占16.44%、术后伤口占13.70%;医院感染率较高科室为ICU占26.67%、泌尿外科占15.00%、心胸外科占14.29%;医院感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,占所有病原菌的73.17%;2009、2010年抗菌药物日使用率分别为41.58%、48.19%。结论连续进行现患率调查,掌握医院感染变化趋势,通过提高临床标本送检率,加强抗菌药物合理使用管理,对发现问题开展目标性监测,可有效预防医院感染的发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between nosocomial infection(NI) in patients and its influencing factors,so as to provide reference for setting down measures for surveillance and developing effective targeted surveillance.METHODS According to Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Standard published by Ministry of Public Health,for the patients who were enrolled in hospital during 0:00-24:00 on a single day of 2009-2010,the prevalence rates of NI were investigated by the combination of bed-side examination with medical record checking and by filling out the unified questionnaire,then statistical analysis of the data was performed.RESULTS A total of 1122 patients were surveyed for twice in 2009 and 2010,the rates of actual investigation were 99.48% and 99.28% respectively,and the prevalence rates were 5.96% and 7.07% respectively(χ2=0.558,P=0.455),the differences were not statistically significant;the main infection site was lower respiratory tract,accounting for 42.27%,followed by urinary tract(16.44%) and postoperative incision(13.70%);the main departments of high nosocomial infection rates were ICU(26.67%),department of urology(15.00%),and cardio-thoracic surgery department(14.29%);gram-negative bacteria(73.17%) were the main pathogenic bacteria;the rates of daily use of antibiotics were 41.58% and 48.19% in 2009 and 2010 respectively.CONCLUSION Consecutive investigation of prevalence should be performed to master the changing trend of nosocomial infections.Nosocomial infections can be effectively prevented through raising the submission rate of clinical specimens,strengthening reasonable use of antibiotics,and developing the targeted surveillance.更多还原