【摘要】 喀斯特山区生态系统的恢复和重建,已经成为决定西南地区环境、经济和社会能否持续发展的关键问题,其中植被的生态恢复无疑是极为基础和重要的环节之一,物种选择又是重中之重.通过互联网搜索、文献阅读和野外实地考察,针对喀斯特分布极广且石漠化最为严重的贵州省,本研究调查和分析了喀斯特山区植被生态恢复过程中所选择的物种分布现状,对其恢复效果进行了初步评价,希望能对西南喀斯特山区的生态恢复,尤其是对即将全面铺开的石漠化综合治理提供参考和建议.结果表明:在贵州省78个岩溶县(市、区)的328个地点,共调查收集到用于植被恢复的物种87种,其中生态林物种26种(主要是松、杉、柏、香椿、杨树和车桑子等),经济林物种47种,包括26种药用植物(太子参、天麻等)和其他21种经济林物种(茶、油茶、梨、桃、李、板栗等),另外有牧草14种(白花三叶草、黑麦草、紫花苜蓿等).这些物种聚集或零散种植在不同的喀斯特石漠化综合治理大区:A区(黔西高原山地)、B区(黔中丘原山地)、C区(黔东低山丘陵)和D区(无石漠化).就恢复效果而言,油茶、茶、中药材、花卉栽培及草地畜牧业均显示出了规模化、产业化发展的良好势头,板栗、核桃、花椒、桃、梨等经济林物种也在其生长适宜地取得了良好的生态和经济效益.然而,植被生态恢复中所营造的人工林,均存在树种单一、物种配置简单、经营粗放等问题,林分的整体功能和生态、经济效益较低,亟待进行改造;不同喀斯特石漠化综合治理区域也需要采取不同的物种配置措施.更多还原

【Abstract】 Restoration of rocky-desertified karst ecosystems is a hot issue in maintaining the sustainability of environments,economy and society in southwestern China.And the restoration of degraded vegetation is a basic but often most difficult part,in which the selection of plant species is undoubtedly a key step.Based on data from internet searching,literature review and field surveys,current status of plant species selection for ecological restoration of rocky-desertified karst vegetation was investigated in Guizhou province.Restoration effectiveness of selected plants was preliminarily evaluated,in order to provide valuable suggestions for developing a comprehensive restoration project for rocky desertification environment of the southwestern karst region.Results showed that 87 plant species were used in vegetation restoration in 328 sites of 78 counties and cities of the province.There were 26 plants of ecological forest(mainly pine,fir,cypress,Chinese toona,poplar and clammy hopseedbush),47 plants of economic forest including 26 Chinese medicines(such as Taizi ginseng and gaxtraodia),21 economic forest trees(tea,oil tea,pear,peach,plum,chestnut)and 14 pastoral species(white shamrock,ryegrass and alfalfa).These species were planted in assemble or scattered in different comprehensive treatment areas of karst rocky desertification:Area A(western Guizhou plateau and mountain),Area B(middle Guizhou hill plain and mountain),Area C(eastern Guizhou lowland and hills)and Area D(non rocky desertification in southeastern and southern Guizhou).Concerning restoration effectiveness,the integration of cash crops(such as tea and oil tea),medicinal plants,flowers cultivation,and pastoral husbandry into a restoration project has showed good prospects.Economic and fruit forests such as honeysuckle,chestnut,pear and peach growing in their optimal habitats also benefited local environment and economy.However,there are still problems about plantation and management of artificial forests during the restoration,for example,singularity of tree plantations,simpleness of species configuration,and extensive management which would result in lower ecological functions and economic benefits.更多还原