【摘要】 利用珠穆朗玛峰地区北部定日站和西部聂拉木站1971-2009年的月平均气温、月平均最高、最低气温、月降水量、月蒸发量资料,对珠峰地区1971-2009年近39a来气候变化的时空分布特征进行了分析.同时,利用该区域5个自动气象观测站2009年的资料进行了温、压、湿、风等分析.结果表明:1971-2009年珠峰地区气温呈现出明显的上升趋势,尤其是进入21世纪后,增温更为显著,高于同期全球平均温度变化幅度;定日站增幅较聂拉木站明显,且以冬、春两季的气温增长幅度大.位于珠峰的西边略偏北的聂拉木站,迎向暖湿气流,降水丰富,但季节差异很小;定日站的年降水量不到聂拉木站的一半,且夏季降水占到了全年的85%;定日站的年降水量略微呈上升状态,蒸发量下降,两者的变化趋势都不是太明显;聂拉木站的降水量下降趋势比定日站明显,蒸发量略显上升.2009年资料显示,珠峰地区5个站的气温、气压、相对湿度、风速各异,温度、气压与各站的海拔密切相关.更多还原

【Abstract】 With monthly dataset of mean air temperature,maximum and minimum air temperatures,precipitation and evaporation from 1971 to 2009 at Tingri and Nyalam Stations,which are located in the north and west of the Mt.Qomolangma,respectively,by using climatic linear regression analysis and accumulation departure method,the temporal and spatial distributions of climate change around the Mt.Qomolangma in recent 39 years are investigated in this paper.Air temperature,air pressure,relative humidity and wind speed are also analyzed,based on the observations at five automatic meteorological stations.Results show that: 1) Air temperature has increased evidently around the Mt.Qomolangma in recent 39 years.Especially in the 21 century,the increasing rate becomes higher than the rate of global mean temperature change.2) The increasing rate of air temperature at Tingri is larger than that at Nyalam,and the rate is larger in winter and spring than in other seasons.3) Precipitation at Nyalam is plentiful,because Nyalam faces warm and humid airflow,where seasonal difference in precipitation is small as well.Precipitation at Tingri is less than half of that at Nyalam,with summer precipitation occupying 85% of the whole year.4) Annual precipitation at Tingri is slight increasing and evaporation is deceasing a little,but both trends are not so obvious;precipitation at Nyalam decreases obviously,with a decreasing rate larger than that at Tingri,while its evaporation increases slightly.5) Observation in 2009 showed that air temperature,air pressure,relative humidity and wind speed were quite different among the five stations around the Mt.Qomolangma,however,air temperature,air pressure were closely related to altitudes.更多还原