【摘要】 目的:了解少数民族地区5岁以下儿童健康状况的真实水平。方法:对6个少数民族地区(贵州雷山县、从江县,云南陇川县、潞西县,青海化隆县,西藏工布江达县)的5岁以下死亡儿童家庭成员(父母或其他知情者)进行问卷调查,分析这些地区真实的5岁以下儿童死亡情况。结果:6个少数民族地区的5岁以下儿童死亡平均漏报率高于50%;新生儿死亡率、婴儿死亡率和5岁以下儿童死亡率均比调查前各县通过年报系统上报的有所上升;感染性疾病(肺炎和腹泻)、出生窒息、早产或低出生体重是这些地区5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因。结论:提高少数民族地区妇幼信息工作人员的业务能力对于掌握该地区真实的妇幼卫生状况至关重要;加强对少数民族地区基层医疗服务能力的建设,重点提高感染性疾病(肺炎和腹泻)、出生窒息、早产或低出生体重的诊治水平,对于降低少数民族地区5岁以下儿童死亡率有重要意义;提高少数民族地区家庭经济收入水平和文化教育程度,能极大地提高当地儿童患病后进行治疗的比例。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To understand the real level of health status of the children under 5 yeas old in minority areas. Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among the family members(parents or other insiders)of the dead children under 5 yeas old from 6 minority areas(Leishan county and Congjiang county in Guizhou province,Longchuan county and Luxi county in Yunan province,Hualong county in Qinghai province,Gyamda in Tibet),and the real status of the dead children under 5 yeas old in these areas was analyzed. Results:The average underreporting rate of under-5-age children death in 6minority areas was over 50%;NMR,IMR and U5MR were higher than the rate reported through the Annual Reported System before this survey in all the counties;Infection disease(pneumonia and diarrhea),birth asphyxia,premature or low birth weight were the main reasons of under-5-age children death in these areas. Conclusion:Improve the capacity of MCH information staff in minority area is very important to mastering the real status of MCH in these areas;Strengthen the capacity of basic level of health care services in minority areas and focus on improving the diagnosis and treatment of infection disease(pneumonia and diarrhea),birth asphyxia,premature or low birth weight,are important to reduce the U5MR in minority areas;To improve family economic income level and education level in minority areas can greatly enhance the proportion of the sick children who accept treatment in local areas.更多还原