【摘要】 利用松嫩平原及周边地区72个气象站1961—2003年逐日气象资料,应用Penman-Monteith方程计算潜在蒸散量,采用气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall突变检验、累积距平法,对松嫩平原地区潜在蒸散量变化进行定量分析,并应用ArcGIS软件的空间分析功能对研究区潜在蒸散量的空间分布特征进行分析.结果表明:1961—2003年,松嫩平原年均潜在蒸散量在330~860 mm,总体呈减小趋势,空间分布总体特征为西南高、四周低,呈环带状向西南方向增加;年潜在蒸散量的气候倾向率为-0.21 mm.a-1;年潜在蒸散量在1982年达最大值,形成突变点,而后下降,至1995年降至最低,此后呈增加趋势;春、夏、秋、冬季潜在蒸散量的气候倾向率分别为-0.19、0.01、-0.05、0.03 mm.a-1,表明春、秋季潜在蒸散量呈微弱减小趋势,夏、冬呈微弱增加趋势.更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the daily meteorological data from 72 weather stations from 1961-2003,a quantitative analysis was conducted on the spatiotemporal changes of the potential evapotranspiration in the Plain.The Penman-Monteith model was applied to calculate the potential evapotranspiration;the Mann-Kendall test,accumulative departure curve,and climatic change rate were adopted to analyze the change trend of the evapotranspiration;and the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS was used to detect the spatial distribution of the evapotranspiration.In 1961-2003,the mean annual potential evapotranspiration in the Plain was 330-860 mm,and presented an overall decreasing trend,with the high value appeared in southwest region,low value in surrounding areas of southwest region,and a ring-belt increasing southwestward.The climatic change rate of the annual potential evapotranspiration was-0.21 mm·a-1.The annual potential evapotranspiration was the highest in 1982,the lowest in 1995,and increased thereafter.Seasonally,the climatic change rate of the potential evapotranspiration in spring,summer,autumn,and winter was-0.19,0.01,-0.05,and 0.03 mm·a-1,respectively,suggesting that the potential evapotranspiration had a weak increase in winter and summer and a slight decrease in spring and autumn.更多还原