【摘要】 以玉米-小麦周年耕作模式为研究对象,于2006—2009年进行了连续4年的大田定位试验,设置了传统翻耕、不覆盖/不深松+覆盖/免耕、覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕、不覆盖/深松+不覆盖/免耕、覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕以及不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕6个模式,研究了豫南雨养区玉米-小麦周年不同耕作模式对小麦花后干物质积累转化、籽粒灌浆及产量的影响。结果表明:传统翻耕和覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕两种模式绿叶持续时间最长,营养器官的干物质积累均比其他模式高且差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);营养器官花前贮藏物质的运转量也均高于其他模式,营养器官花后同化物运转量和运转率比覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕模式高11.9%、11.7%,比不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕模式高11.6%、11.4%,均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);花后同化物对籽粒产量的贡献率比不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕和覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕高8.4%、7.9%和8.8%、8.3%,均达到显著水平(P<0.05);产量也以这两种模式最高,达到7545.0kg·hm-2和7480.5kg·hm-2,比不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕模式分别增产14.8%和13.8%,达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。综合来看,覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕模式具有较好的蓄水保墒和土壤培肥效果,能促使营养器官干物质积累和花后同化物向籽粒的转移,实现高产高效。更多还原

【Abstract】 A 4-year(2006-2009) field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different corn-wheat year-round tillage modes on the post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and transfer,grain-filling,and grain yield of winter wheat in a rain-fed farming area of southern Henan Province.Six modes including traditional tillage(T1) ,non-straw mulching and pre-sowing shallow plough for corn + straw mulching and non-tillage for wheat(T2) ,straw mulching and pre-sowing shallow plough for corn + non-straw-mulching and non-tillage for wheat(T3) ,non-straw mulching and pre-sowing deep plough for corn + non-straw mulching and non-tillage for wheat(T4) ,straw mulching and pre-sowing deep plough for corn + straw mulching and non-tillage for wheat(T5) ,and non-straw mulching and pre-sowing shallow plough for corn + burying smashed straw in soil and rotor tillage(T6) were examined.Among the test modes,T1 and T5 showed the best effects,under which,the leaf staying-green period of winter wheat was the longest,and the dry matter accumulation in vegetative organs was significantly higher(P<0.05) than that under other modes.Also,the transfer amount of the pre-anthesis assimilates in vegetative organs under T1 and T5 was higher,and the transfer amount and rate of post-anthesis assimilates in the vegetative organs were 11.9% and 11.7%,and 11.6% and 11.4% higher than those under T3 and T6,respectively(P<0.01) .Under T1 and T5,the contribution of the post-anthesis assimilates to the grain yield of winter wheat was 8.4% and 7.9%,and 8.8% and 8.3% higher than that under T3 and T6(P<0.05) ,and the grain yield was 7545.0 and 7480.5 kg·hm-2,being 14.8% and 13.8% higher than that under T6,respectively(P<0.01) .Overall,mode T5 had the best effect in promoting the dry matter accumulation in winter wheat vegetative organs and the transfer of post-anthesis assimilates to the grain,and also,played important roles in soil water conservation and fertility improvement,being considered as the high-efficient and high-yielding tillage mode for wheat production in the rain-fed farming area of southern Henan Province.更多还原