【摘要】 COSMIC是2006年4月建立的利用掩星技术探测大气要素的人造卫星星座观测系统。利用COSMIC提供的大量海洋上空的高垂直分辨率的气象探测资料,对台风的各热力要素进行合成分析,达到进一步认识台风区域内热力结构特征的目的。收集和处理了2006—2007年的西北太平洋17个台风期间在台风区域内的掩星点的探测资料,按台风的3个演变阶段和6个不同半径区间,通过合成分析方法,对温度比湿相对湿度和假相当位温等热力要素进行分析。揭示了台风眼外的台风区域的温湿热力结构的特征。主要结论有:台风区域内的温度水平差异远小于台风眼内外的温度差异,但在台风成熟阶段,存在一个水平温度距平为+1.5℃的暖心区,位于10～12 km高度处,距台风中心1.5～4个纬距的范围内。在暖心区下方的3 km高度处和距台风中心1.5～3个纬距的区域内存在一个比湿水平距平达2.5 g/kg的湿心区;高层暖心区和低层湿心区的对应出现是台风成熟阶段的主要热力特征之一。相对湿度分析揭示出在台风区域内存在一个半径约3个纬距,高度约6～7 km的近饱和柱体;在台风的发展阶段和成熟阶段,台风区域内大气层结通常在3 km处由对流不稳定层结迅速转变为对流稳定层结。最后,利用飞机下投探空仪的观测资料验证了COSMIC资料分析的一些结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 COSMIC is established in April,2006 as a constellation observing system of atmospheric meteorological parameters by using radio occultation technique(RO).The purpose of this paper is to understand further the characteristics of the thermal structure of the typhoon by composite analysis based on a vast amount of COSMIC data over the ocean.The COSMIC/RO sounding data in the areas and durations of the 17 typhoons in Northwest Pacific in 2006—2007 are collected and processed in 3 stages of typhoon duration and in 6 zones of typhoon area.By the composite analysis method,the mean parameters of the temperature,specific humidity,relative humidity and pseudo-equivalent temperature in the 6 zones and 3 stages of the typhoons are analyzed.Some characteristics of the thermal structure of the temperature and moisture and the atmospheric stratification in typhoon area are revealed.The main results include that the horizontal temperature differences in the typhoon area outside typhoon eye are small,but a hot core area with +1.5 ℃ of horizontal temperature anomaly existed in the height of 300~200 hPa(about 9~12 km) and within 1.5～4 Latd from the typhoon center.Besides a wet core area with +2.5 g/kg of horizontal specific humidity exists at the 3 km height directly under the hot core area and within 1.5～3 Latd from the typhoon center.The cross section of the relative humidity shows that the near saturation column with 3 Lad of radius and 6～7 km of depth exists around the typhoon center.In the typhoon developing and matured stages the atmospheric stratification transforms obviously from unstable state into stable state at 3 km height.Finally these results are verified by using the DOTSTAR/Drop-sonding data.更多还原