【摘要】 背景:随着现代科学的发展,各种高能射线广泛应用于军事、通讯、医学、日常生活等各个领域,直接导致了在世界范围内辐射剂量的年集体有效剂量的增加。为此,影像质量与辐射安全防护问题越来越受到人们的普遍关注,射线防护已成为现代医学不可缺少的重要组成部分。为了保护各类人群的健康,需要用防护用品以屏蔽各种射线、微波。目的:对防辐射材料的屏蔽机制、分类、特点以及研究现状做一综述。方法:由第一作者检索1982/2010PubMed数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed)及万方数据库(http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn),检索词为"屏蔽材料,屏蔽机制,防护,类型"。纳入所述内容与防辐射材料的屏蔽机制、分类、特点以及研究现状密切相关的文章,排除重复性研究。计算机初检得到23篇文献,阅读标题和摘要进行初筛,保留其中的16篇归纳总结。结果与结论:屏蔽材料以能量吸收和粒子吸收两种方式对射线进行吸收。医用射线防护材料主要有透明的抗辐射的有机玻璃,以铅、钨、钡按比例混合的复合防护材料及各种类型的辐射防护服。随着科技的高度发展,为减轻各类型的辐射污染所带来的负面效应,开发多类型的防护材料和防护技术在临床应用及实际工作生活中有着广阔的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 BACKGROUND:With development of modern science,various high energy rays,which are widely applied for military affairs,communication,medical science,and daily life,directly cause increasing of radiation dose annually.Therefore,image quality and radiation protection attract more and more attention.Radiation protection plays an important role in modern medical science.For protecting human health,protection tools are necessary for shielding varying rays and microwaves.OBJECTIVE:To summarize mechanism,classification,characteristics,and research status of radiation protection materials.METHODS:Articles were retrieved from PubMed database(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed)and Wanfang database(http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn)with the Keywords of "shielding materials,shielding mechanism,protection,classification" from 1982 to 2010.Inclusion criteria:Articles related to shielding mechanism,classification,characteristics,and research status were included.Duplicated papers were excluded.Among 23 articles,16 ones were included in the final analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Shielding materials absorbed rays depending on energy absorption and particle absorption.Medical ray protection materials included organic glass,compound protection materials mixed by a certain ratio of lead,wolfram,and barium,and varying radiation protection clothing.With the development of science and technology,adverse effects induced by various radiations should be relieved,so protection materials and techniques need to be further studied for clinical application.更多还原