【摘要】 1997年在中国农业大学曲周试验站设置了施用EM堆肥与传统堆肥的田间试验,2004年和2005年在玉米与小麦生长期间取样分析土壤线虫的群落结构,结果表明:在玉米与小麦田总共发现49个线虫属,包括17个食细菌线虫属,5个食真菌线虫属,18个植物寄生线虫属,9个捕食-杂食线虫属。在EM堆肥处理中共发现46个线虫属,而在传统堆肥处理中共发现42个线虫属。植物寄生线虫是优势的营养类群,其次为食细菌线虫,它们的相对丰度分别是59.26%,31.55%。在玉米与小麦生长季节,线虫的Wasilewska、营养多样性、申农多样性、均匀度及植物寄生线虫成熟指数处理之间差异不显著,但是取样日期之间差异显著(P<0.01)。与传统堆肥相比,多年施用EM堆肥加快了土壤有机物的转化,提高了土壤的含氮量,增加了土壤线虫总数与食细菌线虫数量。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aim of this study was to determine a nematode community’s composition in response to multi-year application of EM (effective microorganism) compost and traditional compost.An investigation of the cultivation patterns of winter wheat and summer corn was carried out at the experimental station of the China Agricultural University in Qu-Zhou County,Hebei Province,Northern China Plain.Soil samples were collected during the maize and wheat growing stages from the upper (0—20 cm) soil layer.The soil nematode population,community structure,trophic groups,and ecological indices were evaluated following two different treatments:EM compost treatment and traditional compost treatment.The composts used in the experiment were EM compost (60% straw,30% livestock dung,5% cottonseed-pressed trash and 5% brans) added with effective microorganisms,and traditional compost (60% straw,30% livestock dung,5% cottonseed-pressed trash and 5% brans).The results showed that bacterivorous and omnivorous-predatory nematodes were significantly influenced by soil treatments.Bacterivorous nematode density was higher in the EM compost plot in comporison to the traditional compost plot during sampling dates except June,September,and November 2004.Fungivorous nematode density was higher in the EM compost plot in comparison to the traditional compost plot in the following period:June-September 2004,and March 2005.Plant parasitic nematode density was lower in the EM compost plot in comparison to the traditional compost plot in the following periods:June,July,November 2004,and March-April 2005.Omnivorous-predatory nematode density was higher in the EM compost plot in comparison to the traditional compost plot during June,August-October 2004,and March 2005.Total number of nematodes in the EM compost fertilized plot ranged from 338 to 844 individuals per 100 g dry soil,whereas in the traditional compost fertilized plot ranged from 232 to 810 individuals per 100 g dry soil.A total of forty-nine nematode genera were found during the maize and wheat growing stages,including seventeen bacterivores,five fungivores,eighteen plant-parasites,and nine omnivores-predators.Soil nematode diversity increased from forty-six nematode genera in the EM compost plot to forty-two nematode genera in the traditional compost plot.Rhabditis and Helicotylenchus were the most abundant species in the EM compost fertilized plots,which mean relatively abundance,were 10.89% and 10.02%,respectively.Rhabditis,Helicotylenchus and Rotylenchus were the dominant species in traditional compost fertilized plot,which mean relatively abundance,were 10.91%,11.25% and 10.22%,respectively.Plant parasitic nematode followed by bacterivorous nematode was found to be the most dominant trophic groups in maize and wheat fields,which mean relatively abundance,were 59.26% and 31.55%,respectively.Generally accepted ecological indices such as Wasilewska index (WI),trophic diversity (T),Shannon index (H’),evenness index,and plant-parasite maturity index (PPI) were significantly different between sampling date and weren’t dependent on the applied fertilizer treatments.The transformation of soil organic matter was accelerated,soil nitrogen content was enhanced and total number of nematodes and bacterivorous nematodes were increased in EM compost plot due to multi-year application EM compost compared with traditional compost plot.更多还原