【摘要】 为了分析我国不同生态条件下意大利蜜蜂Apismellifera ligustica(简称意蜂)的基因特征,对品种间基因交流或基因渗入现象进行监测,完成对我国主要地区意蜂多样性水平的评价。本研究利用10对微卫星(SSR)引物分析了来自我国黑龙江等14个省市自治区31个采集点的意蜂样品的遗传多态性,并与来自德国的喀尼阿兰蜂A.m.carnica(简称喀蜂)和来自美国的意蜂A.m.ligustica进行比对。通过NTSYS-pc2.1和popGene32软件对SSR数据进行多态性分析。结果表明:10对SSR引物中8对表现出较高的遗传稳定性,可作为意蜂遗传多态性标记。遗传一致度在0.61以上时,浙江、四川、甘肃和云南地区的样品出现较严重分化,其他地区的意蜂样品则保持了美国原种意蜂的典型基因特征。东北和新疆地区的样品与德国喀蜂血统亲缘关系较近(遗传距离在0.18149以内),分析主要原因可能是该地区的意蜂样品杂有黑蜂A.m.mellifera血统。据此提出应在保护各地意蜂原种特性及种群多态性的基础上,科学有效地进行高产品种的繁育。更多还原

【Abstract】 To detect the gene flow and gene introgression among different populations,and to evaluate the diversity of Italian honeybee,Apis mellifera ligustica,from different regions in China,the genetic variability of A.m.ligustica was screened in 34 sites from 16 provinces in China where the beekeeping was flourishing with ten polymorphic microsatellite loci.Samples of A.m.carnica from Germany and A.m.ligustica from the USA were genotyped for comparison.The SSR data were analyzed with the software of NTSYS-pc2.1 and popGene32.The results showed that eight of the ten polymorphic microsatellite loci were useful markers to detect the polymorphism of A.m.ligustica.When Nei’s genetic identity index exceeded 0.61,distinct genetic divergence was found in the samples from Zhejiang,Sichuan,Gansu and Yunnan,while other samples still kept unique genetic characteristics typical in the subspecies A.m.ligustica.The samples from northeast of China and Xinjiang region had a close descent relationship with A.m.carnica (the genetic distances between them were all below 0.18149),which might result from the hybridization with A.m.mellifera to some extent.It is so proposed that the characteristics typical of A.m.ligustica and its genetic variability should be protected and the breeding line should be in line with a scientific criterion.更多还原