【摘要】 19世纪大规模城市化推动了现代城市规划作为一项专业在美国诞生,从起初单一关注物质环境,到致力于"调配社会资源"和"弥补市场不足",再到城市规划的社会化和政策化,乃至交通规划、环境规划等日益受到重视,美国城市规划专业经历了从单一结构向多分支体系的演化过程。这个过程历时上百年,与城市化由表及里的渐进过程相呼应,逐渐覆盖城市多层次巨系统的各个方面。直观的,是各阶段的城市发展现实情势推动了城市规划专业的演化;深层次的,是美国发展理念徘徊于国家干预多一些还是自由市场多一些在发挥导向作用。中国的城市规划专业可以借助后发优势更快地从单一物质关注走向对社会、经济、政治问题的综合关注,但客观的阶段性规律也必须尊重。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 19th century, the massive urbanization started modern urban planning as a profession in the U.S. At the beginning, the urban planning simply focused on the physical environment, then focused on "allocating social resources" and "making up defects of market". After that, the social and policy nature of urban planning was paid attentions, and then trans-portation planning, environmental planning etc. This is an evolution from single focus to multi-braches system, accompanying that the U.S. urbanization gradually stepped from outside to inside, and answering the multilevel needs of urban mega-system. It was the practices in the cities that pushed forward the evolution of urban planning profession, and profoundly, the fluctuation between state-intervention and freedom has played the guide role. This process lasted about a hundred years. As China’s urban planning profession has the advantages of late-development, it might quickly go to the phase of concerning social, economic, and political issues. But the law of gradual evolution of urban planning profession has to be respected.更多还原