【摘要】 291S是笔者在普通小麦品系西农291中发现的自然突变的雄性不育材料,对其育性转换特性、雄性败育特点及不育性的遗传规律进行初步研究,为应用于两系法杂交小麦育种实践提供依据。对291S进行分期播种试验,观察花药发育状况及花粉粒I2-KI染色反应,并对育性进行提纯;对291S与普通小麦的杂交F1、回交及F2群体的育性表现进行遗传分析。结果表明,291S是一光温敏雄性不育系,表现为秋播短日低温条件下部分可育,春播长日高温条件下高度不育;291S在一定的光温诱导下会出现雄蕊心皮化现象,其在不育阶段的花粉败育类型以圆败为主;291S群体内个体间育性存在一定幅度的变异,其可繁性和不育性经选择可以得到有效改良;291S/291的F1代育性完全恢复,推测291S为隐性核不育类型;回交和F2群体的育性分析表明,其不育性由一对主效基因控制,还受到微效基因的修饰作用。291S育性转换明显,不育性的遗传行为比较简单,在两系法杂交小麦育种上有着一定的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 291S was a wheat male-sterile mutant which discovered in new strains of common wheat.In order to put it into practical use in two-line hybrid wheat breeding,the characteristics of fertility alteration,male abortion as well as the inheritance of sterility were analyzed preliminarily.The interval sowing experiments and the fertility purification was conducted.Development status of anthers and I2-KI staining of pollens were observed.Fertility performance of hybrid F1,F2 and Backcross populations were analyzed to determine the genetic mechanism.The result showed that 291S was a photo-thermo-sensitive male sterile line,which showed part fertile under short-day and low-temperature conditions when autumn sowing,showed high sterile under long-day and high-temperature conditions when spring sowing.The stamens of 291S could be transformed into pistil-like structures under certain photo-thermo condition.I2-KI staining of pollens showed the abortive pollen of 291S in sterile period was mainly the spherical abortion type.The fertility of individuals in 291S had difference on a certain degree,but its self-multiplication ability and sterility could be improved through selection effectively.291S might be a nuclear sterile line;its sterility was controlled by a major recessive nuclear gene and was influenced by other minor genes.291S had apparent characteristics of fertility alteration,and its inheritance of sterility was relatively simple.It had a certain application prospect in the two-line hybrid wheat production system.更多还原