【摘要】 介绍了黑河流域上游寒区水文遥感-地面同步观测试验,论述了试验目标与研究内容、试验区的选择设计以及寒区水文长期观测试验.上游试验以理解寒区水文过程、提高寒区定量遥感水平为主旨,以积雪和冻土为主要研究对象,开展了微波辐射计、高光谱成像仪航空遥感和地面同步观测,并选择典型小流域进行长期寒区水文过程观测与研究.试验集中在冰沟积雪小流域、阿柔草场和扁都口裸露耕地3个不同地表覆盖区,以积雪和冻土变量与参数的测量为主.同步试验在流域尺度、重点试验区、加密观测区和观测小区4个尺度上展开,分别布置了加密的地面同步观测、通量和气象水文观测、降雨、径流及其它水文要素观测网络;航空飞行传感器分别采用微波辐射计、高光谱成像仪、热红外成像仪和多光谱CCD相机,收集获取了试验区丰富的可见光/近红外、热红外、主被动微波等卫星数据.通过试验,初步构建了上游寒区航空-卫星-地面综合数据集,可以应用于改进和验证寒区陆面/水文过程模型.更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper,the cold regions hydrological remote sensing and ground-based Synchronous observation experiment in the upper reaches of Heihe River is introduced,and the items and aim of the experiment,the allocation of research area and long-term cold regions hydrological observation are stated.As an important component of the experiment,the work in the upper reaches is aimed to understand the hydrological processes and enhance the level of quantitative remote sensing in cold regions.Based on airborne remote sensing and ground-based test,the methods of satellite-based remote sensing are improved and developed for extracting cold regions hydrological processes parameters.The experiment is carried out in three areas(Binggou watershed,Arou grassland and Biandudou),of which the land coverage is different.Snow cover and frozen soil variables and parameters are the main object of the observation.Synchronous experiment is launched in four areas with different scale: basin-scale area,basal area,densely observed area and small observation area.In these areas,dense ground synchronous observation was arranged,together with an observation network of fluxes,meteorological and hydrological elements.The aviation sensors included microwave radiometer,hyperspectral imager camera,thermal infrared imager camera and multi-spectral CCD camera,able to collect a wealth of visible/near infrared,thermal infrared,active and passive microwave satellite data over the experimental areas.Through the experiments,an air-satellite-ground-based integrated data set was build for the upper reaches of the river,which can be used to improve and validate land surface/hydrological process model in cold regions.Finally,the results of this experiment are presented for the snow cover,frozen soil and cold regions hydrological processes in cold regions.更多还原