【摘要】 【目的】簇毛麦是普通小麦的一个近缘物种,它具有许多抗病基因,在小麦育种中起重要作用。抗白粉病基因Pm21已被南京农业大学细胞遗传所成功地转移到小麦背景中,并被广泛地用于小麦育种实践。为了进一步转移和利用定位于簇毛麦2V染色体上的有用基因,如抗眼斑病基因、抗条锈基因和护颖颖脊刚毛基因,为小麦育种创造新种质。【方法】通过普通小麦农林26-离果山羊草3C二体异附加系与小麦-簇毛麦2V(2D)二体代换系杂交,综合运用染色体C-分带、基因组原位杂交、染色体构型分析和分子标记分析。【结果】从杂种F2和F3中鉴定出涉及簇毛麦2V结构变异的异染色体系7份,包括纯合缺失系1份(Del2VS·2VL-),易位系4份,其中纯合易位2份(初步推断为T3DS·2VL,T2VS·7DL)、小片段易位1份(T6BS·6BL-2VS)和中间插入易位1份(T2VS·2VL-W-2VL),等臂染色体1份(2VS·2VS)和单端体1份(Mt2VS)。利用可分别追踪2VS和2VL的分子标记Xwmc25-120和NAU/STSBCD135-1进行PCR分析,进一步证明这7份异染色体系中涉及簇毛麦2V染色体片段。【结论】涉及2V短臂的单端体Mt2VS,等臂染色体2VS·2VS和易位系T2VS·7DL在护颖颖脊上有簇状分布的刚毛,而涉及2V长臂的易位系T3DS·2VL无刚毛,进一步证实簇毛麦护颖颖脊刚毛基因位于2VS。离果山羊草3C染色体可有效诱发簇毛麦2V染色体结构变异。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 Haynaldia villosa (2n=2X=14, VV), a relative of wheat, plays important roles in wheat improvement mainly due to its disease resistance. Powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 has been successfully transferred into wheat by Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, China and widely used in current wheat breeding programs. To further transfer and utilize the beneficial genes such as eye-spot resistance, yellow rust resistance and gene of the tufted bristles on the glume ridge (a remarkable morphology) mapped on 2V of Haynaldia villosa. 【Method】A disomic addition line with gametocidal chromosome 3C of Aegilops triuncialis added in Norin26 was crossed to the wheat- H. villosa disomic substitution 2V(2D) and the hybrids F1 were then selfed. Chromosome C-banding, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), meiotic analysis combined with molecular markers were applied to detect the chromosome variations derived from hybrids F2 and F3 of these crosses. 【Result】Up to date, four translocations including one small segmental translocation T6BS·6BL-2VS, two whole arm translocations (preliminarily designed as T3DS·2VLand T2VS·7DL) and one intercalary translocation T2VS·2VL-W-2VL, one deletion Del 2VS·2VL-, one monotelosomic Mt2VS and one iso-arm chromosome 2VS·2VS lines have been developed and characterized. One wheat SSR marker Xwmc25-120 tagging 2VS and one wheat STS marker NAU/STSBCD135-1 (2BL) tagging 2VL were successfully used to confirm the alien chromosome segments involved in the seven lines. 【Conclusion】 Three lines T2VS·7DL, Mt2VS and 2VS·2VS appeared the tufted bristles on the glume ridge same as the parent DS2V (2D), while T3DS·2VL without this trait, it was further confirmed that thegene controlling the tufted bristles on the glume ridge was located on 2VS. Gametocidal chromosome 3C of Aegilops triuncialis could successfully induce chromosome structural changes of 2V.更多还原