【摘要】 目的分析景德镇瓷厂陶工尘肺的发病规律,探讨陶工尘肺发病的影响因素,以指导今后的陶工尘肺防治工作。方法采用队列研究方法对景德镇3个瓷厂1960年1月1日至1974年12月31日在册且工作>1 a的所有职工建立队列进行随访调查至2003年12月31日,队列人员中陶工尘肺诊断由景德镇疾病预防控制中心诊断组确诊,同时收集瓷厂历年粉尘监测资料。结果队列人群4968例,共有接尘工人2992例。累计诊断0+期陶工尘肺757例、陶工尘肺587例,接尘工人陶工尘肺发病率为0.5%。陶工尘肺患者开始接尘年份以1950~1960年最多,发病年龄集中在40~60岁,平均潜伏期为(31.7±7.7)a,平均晋级年限分别为0+期晋Ⅰ期为7.5 a,Ⅰ期晋Ⅱ期为4.4 a,Ⅱ期晋Ⅲ期为6.9 a。陶工尘肺累积危险度与累积粉尘接触量之间有明显的接触剂量-反应关系,除累积粉尘接触量外,影响陶工尘肺发病的因素包括是否合并结核(RR=20.9,P<0.01),吸烟量(RR=1.3,P<0.05),开始接尘年份(RR=1.5,P<0.01)和性别(RR=2.0,P<0.01)。结论累积总粉尘接触量与陶工尘肺之间存在明显的剂量反应关系,合并结核,吸烟量,开始接尘年份和性别是影响陶工尘肺发病的危险因素。与其他行业的粉尘危害比较,陶工尘肺呈现潜伏期长,0+期陶工尘肺比例大,晋级快的特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To probe into the incidence characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Jingdezhen porcelain factories and factors influencing the incidence to provide better prevention in the future.Methods Cohort study was conducted in three porcelain factories in Jingdezhen city.The research subjects included all workers employed at least one year during 1960 to 1974.The investigation was followed up to the end of 2003.The pneumoconiosis was diagnosed according to national diagnostic criteria of pneumoconiosis by local diagnosis group.Results A total of 4968 workers were included in the study.Among 2992 dust-exposed workers,757 cases were diagnosed as stage 0+ and 587 cases as pneumoconiosis.The incidence was 0.5% among the dust-exposed workers.The incidence showed high for those starting the dust exposure in 1950’s,and the age of first diagnosis was mostly from 40 to 60.The latency was(31.7±7.7)years.The average durations of upgrade from stage 0+ to Ⅰ,ⅠtoⅡ,and Ⅱ to Ⅲ was 7.5 years,4.4 years,and 6.9 years respectively.A clear dust exposure-response relation was observed between cumulative exposure to dust and cumulative risk of pneumoconiosis.When cumulative total dust exposure for subject exceeds 100 mg/(m3·a),the cumulative risk was increasingly raised.Beside the cumulative exposure,tuberculosis(RR=20.9,P<0.01),smoking amount(RR=1.3,P<0.05),year of first exposure(RR=1.5,P<0.01)and gender(RR=2.0,P<0.01)were main factors influencing the incidence.Conclusions A clear exposure-response relation was detected for pneumoconiosis in Jingdezhen porcelain factories.The cumulative exposure,tuberculosis,smoking amount,year of first exposure and gender were the main risk factors in incidence elevation.Compared with other industries,the pneumoconiosis in porcelain factories were characterized as relatively long latency,larger proportion of stage 0+ and normal upgrade years.更多还原