【摘要】 采用改进的透明骨骼法,研究了黑斑原(鱼兆)(Glyptosternum maculatum)的脑颅骨骼。其脑颅骨骼由28块膜骨、软骨化骨以及复性骨组成,眼区系列骨骼退化,缺少围框骨系,仅有额骨、副蝶骨、翼蝶骨,同时部分脑颅骨骼发生特化,如出现了颌须骨、基垫骨,这些骨骼在其他鱼类中未有报道。这些退化和特化现象与黑斑原(鱼兆)的生境有着密切的关系。黑斑原(鱼兆)的脑颅骨骼具有大多数底栖鱼类脑颅共有的结构:前囱和后囱。黑斑原(鱼兆)脑颅各骨骼与鱼脑接触面或为隆嵴,或为陷窝,从而最大程度地保护了鱼脑免受外界的冲击和震荡。一些骨骼存在大小不一,位置相对固定的孔眼,为出入大脑的血管及神经的通道。更多还原

【Abstract】 This research is to give a clear description of the neurocranium skeleton of G.maculatum,and to enrich biologic datum,meanwhile to provide a scientific reference on systemic evolvement and geography pattern distributed.There are 28 bones which are composed of os cartliaginea,os membranaceum and combined bones.The bones around eyes are degenerated,the circum-orbital-bones don’t exist,and there are only 3 bones left which are frontal,parasphenoid and alisphenoid.On the other hand,there are some specialized bones,like jaw bone and basibone,which have not been reported in other fishes.The degeneration and specialization phenomenon showed that they were consanguineously connected with their habitant environment.A mutual configuration that most bottom-perched fishes have is anterior fontanella and posterior fontanella.Special structures contacted with the fish brain,which every other bone have,are carina or lacuna,and they would be aim to protect the brain from punching or vibrating from outside.Some eyelets relatively fixed or non-fixed are the orifices of the vein or the nervus going into or out of the brain.更多还原