【摘要】 2006年2月至2006年11月在浙江的灵昆岛东滩湿地选择1997年围垦区以及围垦区外的自然滩涂作为样地,开展围垦区内、外大型底栖动物季节变化和功能群组成的研究,并探讨造成差异的原因。本次调查共发现大型底栖动物36种,隶属7门8纲22科,在围垦区外的中潮带发现的物种数最多,为26种。在这些物种中,绝大多数属于软体动物(12种)、节肢动物甲壳类(13种)以及环节动物门的沙蚕类(5种),分别为总物种数的33.3%、36.1%、13.9%。定量调查共发现大型底栖动物24种,根据其食性类型划分为5个功能群。同时利用取样得到的数据,分别对围垦区内、外的密度、物种数以及各站点不同季节的物种多样性指数MargalefS、Shannon-WeinerH′、PielouJ、SimpsonD进行站点-季节间无重复双因素方差分析,并对大型底栖动物进行了功能群划分及多元统计分析。结果表明:围垦区内、外滩涂湿地大型底栖动物群落结构和功能群组成存在一定的差别;生境与大型底栖动物功能群的组成结构有一定的关系;围垦区内大型底栖动物的群落结构和功能群组成的季节变化大于围垦区外的自然滩涂。更多还原

【Abstract】 We addressed the influence of reclamation on seasonal variation of community structure and functional groups by comparing macrobenthic communities in a natural tidal flat and a tidal flat diked in 1997.Sampling was conducted on Lingkun Island,Wenzhou Bay from February to November,2006.Our eight sampling plots(four each in natural and diked systems) represented different macrobenthic habitats,including two sites invaded by Spartina alterniflora.We found,during the investigation,a total of 36 species that belong to 22 Families,8 Classes,and 7 Phyla,including 24 species found in quantitative sampling.These species were mainly arthropods(13 species),mollusks(12 species) and annelidas(five species).We categorized functional groups according to feeding types,and assigned these species into five distinct functional groups(planktophagous,phytophagous,carnivorous,omnivorous and detritivorous).A two-factor ANOVA was used to analyze the effect of season and tide level on the density of macrobenthic communities,the number of species and the biodiversity indices(Margalef S,Shannon-Weiner H’,Pielou J,Simpson D).The structure of functional groups and communities were highly related to the condition of habitats.The number of species,the density of communities,Margalef S,and Shannon-Weiner H’ differed significantly among seasons in the diked tidal flat,which revealed that the season variation in macrobenthos distribution is much more significant in the diked tidal flat than in the natural flat.Combined with the data of the four times extraction of the density of functional groups,using the Hierarchical Cluster of between-groups linkage method and the Non-matric Multidimentional Scaling Method(MDS),these macrobenthic communities could classify into some groups.The communities in the diked tidal flat were different from those in the natural tidal flat,although these two flats were exposed to a similar condition in terms of the impacts from tidewater.更多还原