【摘要】 目的研究高粱小穗结构,完善其形态解剖和遗传理论,探讨在高粱杂种优势利用和育种中的作用。方法采用笔者发现创制的复粒高粱材料SZ0,以及10个国内外高粱双粒资源品种,对其农艺性状、小穗结构观察解剖,与普通(单粒)品种杂交进行遗传分析。结果双籽粒小穗是复粒高粱小穗的一种基本形式,在复粒品系SZ0的小穗中有高频率的多小花、多籽粒、多雌蕊、多浆片、多花药、多柱头及孪生连体籽粒等结构特征;在109-双粒(怀德)的小穗中有第三颖壳、双芒、4个浆片等结构,存在低频率的三籽粒小穗;高粱复粒性状由1对基因控制,在TX431中复粒对单粒为显性,在中国的农家品种109-双粒(怀德)中复粒对单粒为隐性。结论复粒高粱小穗结构与传统理论不同,表明高粱小穗的原始结构是多小花的,存在着多心皮子房;由于掌握了丰富的种质资源,国外相互矛盾的结论在本研究中同时再现,表明复粒性状在不同品种中,受不同的一对基因控制,其相互关系有待进一步研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to approve the genetic mechanism of the multiple grain sorghum,to make clear the anatomical structure of its multiple grain sorghum.The utilization of the heterosis in sorghum breeding process was also discussed.【Method】 The germ plasm of multiple grain sorghum SZ0,which I created,and other 10 double-grain sorghum lines were used in this study.Structure of the spikelet was revealed through anatomical observation.Genetic analysis was carried out with the hybridization between SZ0 and common sorghum(simple-grain).The agronomic characters were observed as well.【Result】 Double-grain sorghum is one kind of multiple grain sorghum genotype.Most of the spikelets of SZ0 had multi grain,pistil,lodicule,anther,and stigma.They were twinning and resulting in Siamese twins.The spikelets of 109-double grain had the third glume,double awn,four lodicules,and little of them had tri-grain.The multiple grain character was different among materials.It was a dominant gene in TX431,but a recessive one compared to the simple-grain gene.【Conclusion】 The structure of the multiple grain sorghum was different from traditional theory.It showed that the original spikelet was putatively multi floret,carpel and ovary.Different conclusions made in this research showed that the character of multiple grain was controlled by different gene in different materials.The correlation remains unknown.更多还原