【摘要】 目的为实施贵州省利用中央财政专项资金防治地方性氟中毒(简称地氟病)项目进行本底调查,并为制订项目实施细则提供依据。方法对村民炉灶使用情况进行逐户普查,同时抽查村民粮食干燥及食前淘洗情况;抽查成人和学生健康知识知晓情况;调查8～12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况。结果在5个项目县的47个乡、362个村范围内调查了132 761户农户炉灶使用情况,台灶拥有率为72.83%.台灶烟囱出屋率为1.67%。回风铁炉拥有率为36.38%,回风铁炉烟囱出屋率为70.01%,居厨分开率为46.25%。5个病区县8～12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率为76.95%。362个村儿童氟斑牙检出率均在30%以上,其中有66.85%的村儿童氟斑牙检出率在90%以上。77.41%和78.92%的村民用敞煤火烘烤玉米、辣椒,有84.60%和76.55%的村民玉米、辣椒食前淘洗。学生和家庭户主防治地氟病健康知识知晓率分别为44.20%和22.81%。结论项目实施地区是贵州省地氟病流行区,符合项目实施要求。在这些地区通过健康教育提高群众的健康意识,转变防病观念,并投入引导资金实施改良炉灶,将达到防治地氟病流行的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To survey the fluorosis baseline for implementing prevention and control endemic fluorosis program in a large area of Guizhou using Central Government Funds.Methods Stove used was screened in every household,menawhile the methods of food desiccation and washing before cooking were selectively investigated.Questionnaire on health knowledge in some of the adults and schoolchildren was completed by trained health workers.Results In 132 761 households in 362 villages of 5 target countries,the table stoves accounted for 72.83% with 1.67% of chimney going out of room.Stoves for warming accounted for 36.38%,70.01% of whom with chimney going out of room.46.25% of the kichens were separated from the living room.The average rate of dental fluorosis was 76.95% in children aged 8～12,flucuating in the range of 30% to 90%.Corn and chilli were bakedby the smoke of the open stoves in a rate of 77.41% and 78.92% and washed before cooking in a rate of 84.60% and 76.55%,respectively.The awareness of endemic fluorosis prevention in schoolchildren and adults were 44.20% and 22.81%,respectively.Conclusions The investigated counties meet the criteria of the program implementation.The goal of prevention and control endemic fluorosis will be achieved by promoting fluorosis awareness and modification of stoves.更多还原