【摘要】 目的:综合分析非普通肌球蛋白的结构和功能。资料来源:应用计算机检索Pubmed1990-01/2005-02有关非普通肌球蛋白结构和功能的文献,检索词“Unconventional Myosins,Function,Review”,并限定文章语言种类为English。资料选择:对检索到的有关非普通肌球蛋白结构和功能方面的相关信息进行整理,选取针对性强的文章。同一领域的文献则选择权威杂志的文章。资料提炼:共检索到42篇相关文献,其中20篇文章符合要求。排除22篇,其中19篇系重复同一研究,3篇为Meta分析。资料综合:非普通肌球蛋白是具有与肌肉收缩过程中的肌球蛋白相同的保守马达区域系列,尾部不能形成纤维的肌球蛋白类。根据头部区域序列对比,肌球蛋白家族成员分成不同的类,到目前为止共分为18类(Ⅰ～ⅩⅧ)。目前已经明确非普通肌球蛋白在许多细胞过程中起不同的作用,包括粒子的输运、细胞形状的控制、细胞迁移、肌动蛋白细胞骨架组织形成、(细胞)内吞、胞外分泌和信号传导等。结论:非普通肌球蛋白的结构和功能已基本肯定,有些新的肌球蛋白细胞功能已经研究得很清楚,明确了非普通肌球蛋白在许多细胞过程中起不同的作用。但如何确定准确的分子马达和每个个体肌球蛋白的细胞功能仍是一个挑战,要达到这个目标,将要解决若干问题:①它们的机械化学特性是什么。②它们直接相互作用的伙伴是什么。③它们的特性是怎样调节的。更多还原

【Abstract】 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the structure and functions of unconventional myosins. DATA SOURCES: A computer,based online search of Pubmed was undertaken for articles about the structure and functions of myosin published in English between January 1990 and February 2005 with the key words of "Unconventional Myosins, Function, Review". STUDY SELECTION: Data mainly about the structure and function of unconventional myosins were arranged to select the articles to the point. As to the articles in the same field, those published in the authoritarian journals were preferred. DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 42 articles were collected and 20 ones were in accordance with the inclusive criteria. In the eliminated 22 articles, 19 ones were repetitive researches, and the rest 3 articles were Meta analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS: Unconventional myosins, sharing a conserved motor,domain sequence with conventional myosin, are the myosins cannot form filaments. Based on comparison of their head,domain sequences, myosins are grouped into different classes and 18 different classes (Ⅰ-XⅧ) are known so far. At present, it is identified that unconventional myosins play different roles in many cell processes, including transportation of particulate, control of cell shape, cell migration, formation of actin cystoskeleton tissue, (cell) endocytosis, exocytosis, signal conduction and so on. CONCLUSION: The structure and functions of unconventional myosin have been improved, and the functions of some new myosins have been identified. It has become clear that unconventional myosins play different roles in cellular process. There are many problems need to be solved to exactly determine the molecular motor and cellular functions of single myosin: ①what are the mechanical and chemical characteristics of myosins, ②how myosins interact with their chaperones, ③how myosins regulate their characteristics.更多还原