【摘要】 环境中可以影响生物体甲状腺激素合成、运输、作用和代谢等过程的化学污染物称为甲状腺激素干扰物(TDCs),TDCs被认为是继环境雌激素之后最重要的一类内分泌干扰物.鱼类甲状腺的结构、甲状腺激素的转运和功能等与哺乳动物有较大差别.与哺乳动物相比,污染物干扰鱼类甲状腺激素的研究还较为缺乏.在介绍鱼类甲状腺结构、功能以及甲状腺激素在鱼体内动态过程的基础上,分析了污染物对鱼类的甲状腺激素干扰效应及其作用机制,探讨了今后鱼类甲状腺激素干扰研究的主要方向.污染物能对鱼类甲状腺激素水平、相关酶活性及甲状腺结构等产生直接影响;同时,污染物还可以通过干扰鱼类甲状腺系统对由甲状腺激素调节的重要生理过程如生长、繁殖和发育等产生间接影响.污染物主要通过干扰鱼类甲状腺激素的合成与分泌、转运、清除以及与甲状腺激素受体(TR)的相互作用等机制对鱼类产生不利影响.在污染物对鱼类甲状腺激素干扰的研究中,今后应重点关注环境中"新型"卤化有机污染物、鱼类早期发育过程与甲状腺激素干扰效应的关系、TR介导机制以及TDCs的筛选方法等.更多还原

【Abstract】 Thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals(TDCs)are the chemicals that can disrupt the synthesis, transport, action and metabolism of thyroid hormones in organisms. They are regarded as the most important endocrine disrupting chemicals following environmental estrogens. The structure of thyroid gland, transport and function of thyroid hormones in fish are different from those in mammals. Compared with mammals, there are poor studies on thyroid disrupting effects in fish induced by contaminants. Based on reviews of thyroid structure, function and dynamic process of thyroid hormones, thyroid disrupting effects of contaminants on fish and their mechanisms of action are analyzed, and the development tendency of thyroid disrupting effects in fish is discussed. Contaminants can disrupt the thyroid hormone levels, activities of related enzymes and histology of thyroid gland in fish directly. What’s more, contaminants can affect the growth, development and reproduction of fish indirectly by disrupting the thyroid system. The mechanisms of action include the disruption of synthesis, transport and excretion of thyroid hormones as well as the interaction of T3 and thyroid hormone receptor (TR). In the future,"new"organohalogen contaminants, relationship between early development of fish and thyroid disrupting effects, TR-mediated mechanism and screening methods of TDCs should be emphasized.更多还原