【摘要】 根据强制缔约规范的不同法源和强制缔约义务所适用的不同订约阶段来划分强制缔约规范的类型,其法律意义主要是能够明了强制缔约的义务主体和强制缔约义务的履行与合同成立的关系。海上货物运输法的强制缔约义务的适用具有单方面限制公共海运承运人的缔约自由的法律效果,使其有义务以核准订舱单的方式对于托运人的要约作出承诺。海上货物运输法的强制缔约制度具有彰显契约正义和调节公共海运资源的效能,以及充分满足国际贸易需要的效率价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 In legal meaning, classifying the types of mandatory contracting norms according to different sources of law and different contracting stages lent themselves to the obligation of mandatory contracting, is essentially to define the subject of obligation in mandatory contracting and relationship between the performance of mandatory contracting obligation and contract forming. The application of mandatory contracting obligation within Carriage of Goods by Sea has a legal effect which unilaterally limits ocean common carriers′ freedom of contract, and it makes the obligation which an act of acceptance is performed in accordance with the shippers′ offers by approving booking notes. The mandatory contracting system of Carriage of Goods by Sea has values of efficiency and justice to contract as to adjusting the use efficiency of common ocean shipping resources to sufficiently satisfy the require of international trade.更多还原