【摘要】 黄土丘陵区是水土流失治理的重点区,由于大规模以植被恢复重建的生态建设和以石油资源开发引起的山区道路建设对本地区侵蚀环境和侵蚀动力机制产生了巨大影响,坡面水土流失与道路水土流失对比发生了新变化,在坡面侵蚀得到初步治理的新环境下,水土流失源于道路侵蚀则上升为主要地位。本文分析了2005年7月2日次降雨引起的支道山路(植物路)、干道山路、石油运输道路和农林草地小区、小支沟的径流、泥沙系统监测结果,提出在本次降雨条件下,三类道路的产沙强度分别为:支道山路500 t.km-2、干道山路3163 t.km-2和运油道路13500 t.km-2,而农林草地下垫面的产沙强度则仅为:5.68~184.38 t.km-2,道路产沙强度远大于农林草地的产沙强度,道路产沙量占流域总产沙量的42%。而灌草地侵蚀产沙仅占流域的26.7%。进而提出黄土高原丘陵区水土流失治理应该重点放在道路防蚀的观点,成果有助于社会主义新农村建设。更多还原

【Abstract】 Loess hilly region is the most erosive region.At present the high scale range vegetation restoration and high intensity oil exploiting had brought huge influence on driving forces for the erosion environment change.The balance of slope erosion and road erosion had been changed a lot.After the slope land had been restored by vegetation,road erosion became more and more important,especially under the massive road constructing for oil industry and the modern rural community constructing.In this paper,the event of rainfall on July 2nd 2005 brought erosion had been surveyed and analyzed,that including runoff and sediment from several kinds of land use(crop-land plot,vegetation plots,hard road surface) and also the three types roads: including mountain-foot path(with or without grass cover),mountain-road and mountain-transport way.The erosion modules of the three type roads were 500 t·km-2,3 163 t·km-2,and 13 500 t·km-2under this rainfall event,respe ctively.On the other hand,the silt loss of cropland and shrub land was within 5.68~184.38 t·km-2.The results also showed that soil erosion from road accounts for 42%,and that from grass-land and shrub-land only account for 28% of the total sediment yield,far beyond that from other land in the watershed.Though this research,the new built road erosion had been quantified and some key suggestions had been put forwarded that we must adjust our strategy form slope management to road erosion protection.更多还原