【摘要】 为了优化小麦小孢子培养体系,研究了低温处理花药、幼穗及诱导培养时间对小孢子形态、胚胎发生和植株再生的影响。结果表明,经低温处理后,有活力的小孢子体积增大、形态变化明显,据其液泡大小、数目及其与细胞核位置的关系,可分为4种类型。低温处理可显著提高胚状体数和绿苗数,其中处理花药3 d、幼穗7 d的效果最好,平均每皿的绿苗数分别为59株和57株。胚状体发育速度显著影响绿苗分化能力,小孢子诱导培养28-29 d、直径约2 mm的胚状体数目较少,但绿苗分化率高;诱导培养32-38 d、直径为2 mm的胚状体数目达到了峰值,而绿苗分化率极低。在小麦小孢子培养中,应选择诱导28-29 d、直径2 mm的胚状体进行分化培养。更多还原

【Abstract】 To optimize the system of plantlet regeneration from wheat microspore,the effect of cold treatment and induction time on the morphology of microspore,embryogenesis and green plant regeneration from anther and young spikes of wheat was investigated.The results indicated that the viable microspores displayed an enlarged size with remarkably morphological changes.Based on the number and size of vacuole as well as the relative position of nuclei,four different microspores were distinctly observed.Cold treatments for 3 days for anthers and for 7 days for spikes significantly increased the numbers of embryoids and green plants,generating 59 and 57 green plants per Petri dish respectively.The growth rate of embryoids had a strong effect on green plant regeneration.The highest frequency for green plant regeneration was found from embryoids with a diameter of 2 mm that were cultured for 28~29 days on induction media.If embryoids were induced for 32~38 days to reach a diameter of 2 mm,a very low level of green plant regeneration was obtained.Thus,the embryoids with a diameter of 2 mm and induction time of 28~29 days should be selected for further regeneration and differentiation in the microspore culture of wheat.更多还原