【摘要】 在清朝规范对外贸易的各种法律文件中,清初绝对禁止对外贸易,康熙统一台湾后允许对外贸易,但全方位限制且不断加大力度。限制对外贸易的地点、商品、船只和商人的经营,使商人们行则违法、动则犯禁。显然,清朝的对外贸易法在本质上属于闭关锁国。更多还原

【Abstract】 Among the various legal documents to regulate the foreign trade in Qing Dynasty, foreign trade was absolutely forbidden during the early Qing Dynasty. After Emperor Kangxi unified Taiwan, foreign trade was allowed but restricted in every aspect, gradually with increasing strength. The location, commodity, ships and businessmen’s operation were limited in foreign trade, which made businessmen liable to violate laws and get punished severely. Obviously, the essence of foreign trade law in Qing Dynasty was closing China to the world.更多还原