【摘要】 渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲地处世界第二大沙漠塔克拉玛干沙漠的北缘,该绿洲现已成为新疆主要的农业区和棉花基地。但随着经济的快速发展,土地资源开发强度开始加大。本研究利用1989年和2001年的遥感影像数据,借助RS和GIS技术,运用景观生态学原理,通过计算多样性指数、优势度指数、分离度指数、均匀度指数、破碎度指数等指标,对渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲的景观格局及土地利用变化进行动态分析,得出:多样性指数从1.304降低到1.190,优势度指数从0.305升高到0.419,均匀度指数从0.8104降低到0.7396,破碎度指数从0.0177升高到0.0225,并揭示出土地利用类型三增两减(盐碱地、水体、红柳增加,绿洲、荒地减少)的变化特征。同时,利用SPSS软件对土地利用变化的驱动机制进行了分析,结果表明:人口,经济,政策因子仍然是占主导地位的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oasis is an important landscape in desert region where the settlements and economic activities are concentrated.The research on Land-use and Land-cover(LUCC) change has gradually become the focus of programs established by different international organizations such as IGBP,HDP and WCPP.Through the natural and anthropogenic process,the land-use and land-cover in the Taklamakan desert have changed drastically in the last decade.Therefore it is important to monitor these changes in oasis.With the development of social economy,their distributions are mainly controlled by the social-economic factors such as industrialization and urbanization.The industrialization,urbanization,and technological innovation have greatly improved the economic level and increased the living standards.As a result of the rapid growth of population and acceleration of industrialization and urbanization,the problems in land have become more and more acute.Therefore,to intensify dynamic research on land use change and to find out driving factors of this change are of great significance to the proper utilization and conservation of the land resources.This paper focuses on the LUCC in the Delta Oasis of Weigan and Kuqa rivers which are located in the North of Taklamakan Desert.We calculated and analyzed some landscape indices of the study area,such as diversity,evenness,dominance,and fragmentation of the land use.It is found that diversity index decreased from 1.304 to 1.190,evenness index decreased from 0.8104 to 0.7396.This may explain the descending trend of heterogeneity degree of landscape.However,dominance index increased from 0.305 to 0.419,fragmentation index increased from 0.0177 to 0.0225.The increase of dominance index shows that fewer patches control the land-use landscape pattern in the whole study area.In general,these changes indicate that the disturbance from humankind is continuously enhanced.Using GIS and Fragstats,landscape pattern and dynamics change of land use were analyzed from satellite images of 1989 and 2001.The preliminary results indicate that the area of water body,salinization,and Chinese tamarisk have increased extensively and the area of oasis and abandoned land have decreased.At the same time,the driving factors of land-use change were analyzed on the basis of SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science) factor analysis.The results show the main driving forces of land-use change are population growth,economic development and policy change.The policies of government decide the general direction of LUCC.Population growth and economic development are direct driving forces.更多还原