【摘要】 运用资源环境“压力-响应”模型分析江苏盐城海岸湿地资源环境压力的作用过程,包括湿地围垦压力、海岸环境灾害压力等,以及海岸区域对这些环境压力的响应规律,为合理规范人类土地利用等扰动行为、制定调控政策提供科学依据。分析结果表明,研究区域对上述环境压力具有良好的响应关系,包括湿地围垦速度超过其淤长速度,导致丹顶鹤等栖息地面积急剧下降,分布数量强烈波动;湿地水环境污染、海平面上升、风暴潮等海岸区域环境灾害响应已成为制约区域资源环境可持续发展的瓶颈,特别是区域内5条河流的入海河口水质处于地面水IV类,仍处于恶化趋势。“环境压力-区域响应”及其相互作用其特征与机制研究是模型运行和政策设计的基础,在海岸资源环境管理和可持续决策方面有着广泛的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Yancheng Natural Reserve(YNR) was established in 1983 for mainly protecting the endangered red crowned crane(Grus japonensis).UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere Program included it as an international biosphere reserve in 1992.The reserve is located in Jiangsu Province and extends 582 km along the coast of the Yellow Sea.YNR is a typical coastal wetland with a total area of(455 600 ha,) and it is the largest wintering habitat for red crowned cranes in the world.Each developmental stage of the coastal wetland in YNR is under the strong influences of human activities.Given the extensive changes in land use and cover that have occurred there,it is unlikely that many of the observed changes in habitat and species loss will be readily reversed.The greatest pressure to coastal wetlands is development related conversion of coastal ecosystems,leading to large-scale losses of habitats and services.Other direct pressures affecting coastal wetlands include pollution,overharvesting,species invasions and global climate change.Those pressures are expected to exacerbate the loss and degradation of many wetlands and the loss or decline of their species and to harm the human populations dependent on their services.Therefore,in order to explore the relationships among resource-environmental pressures,states and responses,the characteristics of resource-environmental pressures and regional responses including wetland reclaim,and coastal environmental disasters were analyzed.The results showed:1) Speed of wetland reclamation was faster than silting process;the habitat areas decreased;the population of the red-crowned cranes rapidly fluctuated and the water quality of estuaries were under level Ⅳ;2) Resource overexploitation and coastal degradation have undermined subsistence use of coastal ecosystems,harming local communities economies;3) Sea level rise and storm tides as well as regional coastal disaster responses contained the regional sustainable development;4) Many coastal communities in YNR are trapped in a vicious cycle of poverty,resource depletion and further impoverishment.Even when people are made aware of the importance of coastal ecosystems,they still may not be able to stop the kinds of activities that destroy or degrade these areas unless alternative resources or livelihoods are made available to them.更多还原