【摘要】 目的了解职业学校学生的避孕行为及相关知识与认知的关系。方法基于健康信念模型理论,在上海某区选择3所职业学校,应用收益认知、障碍认知、性行为的风险认知和自我效能的认知指标,对一年级学生进行人机对话式匿名自填电脑问卷调查。结果共调查1612人,有性经历者占7.01%(113/1612)。首次性行为时避孕措施使用率为56.64%(64/113),男女生采取的主要避孕方法分别为避孕套(58.70%,27/46)和口服避孕药(27.78%,5/18),未采取避孕措施的最主要原因是不好意思购买(26.53%,13/49)和对方不愿使用避孕药具(18.37%,9/49),有性行为者中认为体外排精和安全期的避孕效果好的分别占68.35%(54/79)和68.42%(52/76),使用避孕套者的避孕套使用知识得分为满分者占23.26%(10/43),有性行为者中知道“感染性病不一定会有明显症状”者占22.86%(24/105),首次性行为采取避孕措施者中同意“偶尔的性交不会使一个已有月经的女孩怀孕”观点者占40.63%(26/64)。4项认知中,调查对象的风险认知水平最低。调查对象首次性行为避孕措施的使用与避孕相关知识和认知水平成正相关,最近一次性行为时的避孕率仅与收益认知和自我效能水平成正相关。结论亟待提高职业学校学生的避孕相关知识和认知水平,并提供适宜的避孕服务。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To study the relationship between contraceptive use behaviors and related knowledge and cognition among vocational high school students. Methods A computer-administrated anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted among grade one students from three vocational high schools in a district of Shanghai. Based on Health Belief Model, four cognition indexes including perceived benefits, barriers, sex behavior related risks and self-efficacy were applied. Results Among 1612 respondents, the students who had sexual experience accounted for 7.01% (113/1612). At first sex, 56.64% (64/113) of respondents reported contraceptives use; and the methods most reported were condom (58.70%, 27/46) and oral contraceptive (27.78%, 5/18) respectively for male and female. Most reasons for non-use were feeling shy to buy it (26.53%, 13/49) and the opposite sex′s unwillingness to use (18.37%, 9/49). Among those who had experienced sex, 68.35% (54/79) and 68.42% (52/76) of respondents thought withdrawal and rhythm were effective methods. Only 23.26% (10/43) of subjects who had ever used condom could gain the full score of knowledge on how to use condom. A few respondents (22.86%, 24/105) who had sex experience knew that“If a person is infected with STD, he/she may not have noticeable symptoms”. And 40.63% (26/64) of respondents who had not use contraceptive at first sex considered that “Infrequent intercourse cannot cause a girl pregnant even she has experienced her menstruation”. The level of perceived risks was lowest among four cognition indexes. Contraceptive related knowledge and cognition may contribute to respondents′ contraceptive use behaviors at first sex, and only related cognition contribute to contraceptive use behaviors at recent sex. Conclusion It should be urgent to improve contraception knowledge and cognition among vocational high school students and provide youth-friendly contraceptive services.更多还原