【摘要】 本研究采用FAO推荐的菌落直径法测定了8种杀虫剂、4种除草剂、3种植物生长调节剂和1种农用抗菌素对盾壳霉菌丝的毒力。研究结果表明,杀虫剂中氯氰菊酯、阿维菌素、毒死蜱和敌敌畏对盾壳霉生长的抑制作用较大,但除敌敌畏外,其他杀虫剂EC50值均高于相应的田间最大推荐使用浓度(MRAR);辛硫磷和氧乐果对盾壳霉的抑制作用次之;而吡虫啉和灭多威则对其生长几乎没有抑制作用。4种除草剂的EC50值均明显低于相应的MRAR值,对盾壳霉生长有强的抑制作用。在正常使用浓度下植物生长调节剂萘乙酸、赤霉素、云大120对盾壳霉的生长几乎没有抑制作用。链霉素对其生长有一定影响,但EC50明显高于MRAR值。因此,在使用盾壳霉防治菌核病的田中,可以合理使用较安全的植物生长调节剂及吡虫啉和灭多威等杀虫剂,而应尽量减少和避免使用吡氟乙草灵、草甘膦、百草枯等除草剂。更多还原

【Abstract】 The colony-diameter methods recommended by FAO were used to evaluate the toxicity of eight insecticides,four herbicides,three plant-growth regulators and one antibiotic to Coniothyrium minitans Campbell.Results show that among insecticides,cypermethrin,abamectin,chlorpyrfos and dichlorovos are most toxic to the biocontrol agent(EC_ 50>MRAR,Maximal recommended application rate),followed by phoxim and omethoate,however,imidacloprid and methomyl hardly have inhibitory effects.All herbicides tested can strongly inhibit mycelial growth and their EC_ 50 values are significantly lower than the MRAR.Under the recommended application rates,all plant-growth regulators tested are safe to the fungus.Although streptomycin sulfate has some inhibiting effects on the growth of C.minitans,its EC_ 50 value is higher than the MRAR.It is suggested that the plant-growth regulators,such as naphthaleneacetic acid,gibberellic acid,brassinolide,and insecticides,such as imidacloprid and methomyl may be safely used in the fields using C.minitans to control sclerotinia disease,but herbicide lactofen,haloxyfop-R-Methyl,paraquat and glyphosate should be restrictedly used.更多还原