【摘要】 目的:了解社区慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者社会人口学特征、行为学特征、行为认知(KABP)及其影响因素。方法:采取入户面对面调查的方式对446名COPD患者进行问卷调查,用t检验、方差分析、多元线形回归等方法对COPD患者的行为学特征与行为认知水平进行分析。结果:(1)COPD患者以60~80岁老年人为主,平均(68.40±10.75)岁。(2)COPD患者的主动吸烟率和被动吸烟率(指不吸烟人群)分别为51.6%、57.9%,男女患者吸烟率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者戒烟率为54.8%,原因多为患COPD;近50%的患者有30年行炊史;经常参加体育锻炼的患者达到48.1%,康复锻炼的频率仅有23.4%。(3)COPD患者行为认知平均得分为(47.49±11.17)分;患者对COPD知识的了解程度比较低,但大部分患者对自己的疾病比较关心。(4)单因素和多因素分析结果表明,患者行为认知的主要影响因素是文化水平、家人态度、经济收入、性别和职业。结论:社区COPD患者吸烟率高、行炊史长,应主动对该类危险行为进行干预;患者行为认知状况一般,需要加强COPD预防、治疗及康复等相关知识的健康教育。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To know social and demographic characteristics,behavioral characteristics,as well as KABP and its influential factors of community COPD patients.Methods:A face-to-face interview was performed to investigate the COPD patients in their home,and t test,one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the behavioral characteristics and KABP.Results:(1)The main patients were old person aged 60～80,with mean age of(68.40±10.75)years old.(2)The active and passive smoking rate were 51.6% and 57.9%,respectively,and no significance between male and female patients(P<0.05).54.8% abstained from smoking mainly owing to having COPD.About half of the patients had used the firewood and coal to cook for longer than 30 years.48.1% often built their body by exercise;however,only 23.4% participated in convalescence.(3)The mean KABP score of patients was(47.49±11.17).The patients have lower knowledge to COPD,but give much more concerns to their own diseases.(4)Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that the main influential factors of COPD patients’ KABP were education,family attitude,income,sex and occupation.Conclusion:Community COPD patients have high smoking rate,long firewood and coal cooking history,so active interventions should be took to those risk factors.KABP level of the COPD patients was not good,more health instructions including prevention,treatment and convalescing of COPD need to be gave to COPD patients.更多还原