【摘要】 目的:了解长沙市1～24个月儿童的睡眠问题状况及其相关因素。方法:于2005-02/05在长沙市5个行政区随机抽取2个行政区,然后在每个行政区随机抽取3个街道,按照儿童花名册随机抽取1～24个月儿童700人,所有儿童均排除严重先天疾病及传染病。采用自行设计的儿童睡眠现状调查问卷进行儿童睡眠现状调查,在严格质量控制的基础上,由父母进行答卷。问卷内容涉及一般情况、距调查时最近1个月儿童睡眠情况、儿童出生发育史及疾病史、母亲孕期情况、家庭生活状况及居住环境、父母亲睡眠状况等。儿童睡眠情况包括:白天睡的多夜晚清醒、入睡过早甚至傍晚入睡、夜间睡眠中用口呼吸、夜间睡眠时打鼾、夜间睡眠中轻微刺激即惊醒、夜间睡眠时有痉挛性肢体抽动、夜间睡眠时出汗多、夜间睡眠中呼吸暂停共8项。每1项分为“从不”、“偶尔”、“1,2次/周”、“3,4次/周”、“频繁出现”5个级别。如其中有一项出现“1,2次/周”及以上就考虑是儿童有睡眠问题。调查时采用一人一卷,在仔细核查,避免漏项后收卷。结果:发放问卷700份,收回合格问卷672份,有效率96.0%。①长沙市1～24个月儿童有睡眠问题的检出率为17.7%。男童睡眠问题检出率为14.8%,女童为21.1%,差异有显著性意义(χ2=4.588,P<0.05)。②女童在夜间睡眠时出汗多一项的检率显著高于男童检出率,差异有显著性(66/21.1,53/14.8,χ2=4.588,P<0.05)。③将1～24个月儿童分成5个年龄段进行分析,不同年龄段儿童睡眠问题检出率差异有显著性意义(111/51.6,6/2.8,2/1.9,0,0,χ2=250.042,P<0.01)。6个月以下儿童睡眠问题检出率最高(51.6%)。④以儿童睡眠问题有无进行单因素逐步回归分析,筛选与儿童睡眠问题有关的影响因素。选取与儿童睡眠问题有关的影响因素作自变量,包含儿童月龄、父母亲受教育年限、父母亲职业、儿童睡眠情况、儿童出生情况、母亲孕期情况、家庭生活居住环境、父母亲睡眠情况中的多个因素,对儿童是否有睡眠问题进行成组Logistic回归分析,其中儿童实足月龄、儿童白天睡眠总时间、父亲职业、儿童卧室通风情况、母亲孕期在家中被动吸烟、儿童睡床情况、出生窒息、父亲睡眠过程中的说梦话情况8个变量进入Logistic回归方程。结论:长沙市区1～24个月儿童睡眠问题的发生率较高。儿童年龄愈小,睡眠问题检出率愈高。儿童实足月龄、儿童白天睡眠总时间、父亲职业、儿童卧室通风情况、母亲孕期在家中被动吸烟、儿童睡床情况、出生窒息、父亲睡眠过程中的说梦话情况可以影响儿童睡眠问题的发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 AIM: To explore the sleeping problems and related factors among children aged 1 to 24 months in Changsha. METHODS: Totally 700 normal children aged 1 to 24 months without severe congenital or infectious disease were randomly selected from 3 neighborhoods of two districts of Changsha. Under strict quality control system,their parents were interviewed with the self-made questionnaire on children sleeping condition including the general condition,sleeping condition in recent 1 month,growth and development and disease of children,pregnant condition,family condition,living condition and sleeping condition of parents. Sleeping problems with children included regaining consciousness at night,falling asleep at evening,breathing with mouth in sleeping at night,snoring in sleeping,sleep lightly with stimulate,hyperkinesias tics in sleeping,sweatiness in sleeping and breath pausing in sleeping. Every item included five levels "never","once in a while","once or twice per week","three to four times per week",and "high frequency". The children were considered having sleeping problems if "once to twice per week" appeared in any item. One person had only one sheet,and the questionnaires were retrieved after checking. RESULTS: Totally 700 questionnaires were sent out,and 672 qualified were retrieved with the efficient rate of 96.0%. ①The prevalence of sleeping problems in children aged 1 to 24 months in Changsha,was 17.7 %. The male was 14.8%,and female was 21.1%,which had significant differences (χ2 =4.588,P < 0.05). ②The prevalence of more sweatiness in female child was more higher than male child,which had significantly differences (66/21.1,53/14.8,χ2 =4.588,P < 0.05). ③The children aged 1-24 months were divided into 5 age groups,and there were significant differences in the prevalence of sleeping problems in children among different ages (111/51.6,6/2.8,2/1.9,0,0,χ2 =250.042,P < 0.01). The children aged younger than 6 months owed the highest prevalence (51.6%). ④The single factor gradual regressive analysis was performed according to whether having sleeping problems to screen the related factors with children sleeping problems. The related factors were selected as variables including month age of child,education years of parents,profession of parents,sleeping conditions of child,born condition of children,pregnant condition of mothers,living condition of family,sleeping condition of parents to perform the logistic regression analysis. The 8 variables such as term born child,sleeping time at daytime of child,profession of father,ventilation of child bedroom,passive smoking at home in pregnant period,sleeping bed of child,asphyxiation in coming into the world,somniloquence in sleeping of father were involved in the logistic analysis. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of sleeping problems of children aged 1 to 24 months in Changsha is relatively higher. The younger the children are,the higher the prevalence is. Term born child,total sleeping time at daytime of child,profession of father,ventilation of child bedroom,passive smoking at home in pregnant period,sleeping bed of child,asphyxiation in coming into the world and somniloquence in sleeping of father may influence the occurrence of sleeping problems.更多还原