【摘要】 目的了解合肥农村不同水系地区饮水卫生状况,为改善水质、加强饮水安全提供科学依据。方法2004—2005年,根据水文地质条件将合肥农村分为巢湖水系地区、淮河水系地区、江淮分水岭地区和其余地区(指介于淮河水系、巢湖水系之间的地区),采取多阶段抽样方法调查不同水系、不同水期水源水卫生状况。水质检验项目包括溶解性总固体、硬度、氯化物、氟化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、细菌总数、总大肠菌群。结果合肥农村82.15%的人饮用浅层井水。82.73%的水井周围30m以内有污染源。对不同水期进行Wilcoxon配对样本检验,除细菌总数无统计学意义外,其他各项指标比较均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。除丰水期溶解性总固体和总大肠菌群含量高于枯水期外,枯水期其他污染物含量均高于丰水期。不同水系地区的水质分析显示,除氯化物、硝酸盐浓度和水的硬度差异无统计学意义外,其他4项指标差异均有统计学意义,细菌总数的总污染程度顺位是其余地区>江淮分水岭地区>淮河水系地区>巢湖水系地区。巢湖水系地区井水中细菌总数和总大肠菌群低于其他3个水系地区,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);其他3个水系地区相互之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在污染源与水井距离固定后,增加井深可以降低水中细菌总数。结论合肥农村居民饮水中细菌总数和总大肠菌群超标,建议不同水系地区应采用不同的改水措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the drinking water quality in the countryside in different river systems areas in Hefei, China and to provide scientific data for the improvement of drinking water quality and protection of human health. Methods In Hefei, according to hydrological geology, the rural areas were classified into the Lake-Chaohu river system, the Huaihe-River river system, the Yangtze-River-Huaihe-River watershed area and the general area, the multi-stages sampling method were employed in the investigation of water quality. Results 82.15% of local people drank the shallow-layer well water. 82.73% of water wells exposed to a pollution source which was no more than 30 meters from the well. Dissolved total solid and total coliforms were higher in the rainy season compared with that in the dry season, but the content of the other contaminants were higher in the dry season. Among the river systems areas, the content of some contaminants showed a significant difference. When the distance of pollutant source was fixed, increasing the well depth could reduce the bacterium count in water. Conclusion In the countryside of Hefei, the total bacteria count and the total coliforms in drinking water greatly exceed the allowed limits, water supply improvement should be made according to the local hydrological and geological condition.更多还原