【摘要】 根据相关农业统计和农户调查资料,对新疆棉花生产中化肥施用与产出效率状况进行了分析。结果表明:近8 a来新疆棉田化肥投入量在400~450 kg/hm2之间徘徊。当前新疆棉田平均施用水平为429.1 kg/hm2,其中氮、磷、钾养分比例为1∶0.63∶0.027各地区棉田化肥分配很不平衡。棉田投入化肥的种类较单一,其中二铵为187.1 kg/hm2,占棉田化肥投入总量的44%,尿素为183 kg/hm2,占化肥总投入量的45%。新疆棉田化肥产出效率大都在2.9~3.7 kg/kg(棉花/化肥)之间,其中克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州、兵团略高,为4 kg/kg(棉花/化肥),巴音郭楞蒙古自治州、和田等地区较低,分别为2.8,2.5 kg/kg(棉花/化肥)。最后对新疆棉田化肥投入应采取的宏观管理策略进行了讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper,the chemical fertilizer application and the increased cotton yield by applying chemical fertilizers in cotton production in Xinjiang are analyzed based on the correlative agricultural statistical data and the data investigated to farmers’ households.The results show that the quantity of applied chemical fertilizers in cotton production in Xinjiang varies in a range of 400～450 kg·hm^-2 in recent 8 years,it,however,is quite different from different regions,and it is 429.1 kg·hm^-2 in average in whole Xinjiang,in which the proportions of applied nitrogenous fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are 1∶0.63∶0.027.The varieties of chemical fertilizers applied in cotton production in Xinjiang are not so many,in which the quantities of applied diaminel and carbamide are 187.1 kg·hm^-2 and 183 kg·hm^-2,and their proportions occupy 44% and 45% of the total quantity of applied chemical fertilizers in cotton production in Xinjiang,respectively.The increased cotton yield by applying chemical fertilizers varies in a range of 2.9～3.7 kg·kg^-1（cotton/chemical fertilizer）,it is slightly higher than the average in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture and Xinjiang Group Company of Production and Construction(4 kg·kg^-1,cotton/chemical fertilizer) but slightly lower in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture(2.8 kg·kg^-1,cotton/chemical fertilizer) and Hotan Prefecture((2.5 kg·kg^-1,) cotton/chemical fertilizer).The macroscopic management measures of applying chemical fertilizers in cotton production in different regions in Xinjiang are also discussed.更多还原