【摘要】 目的探讨住院麻疹患者的临床表现及流行新特点,为预防提供有针对性的参考对策。方法将462例麻疹患者分为婴儿组(16d～＜1岁),儿童组(1～17岁)、成人组(18～50岁),对其临床资料进行总结分析。结果观察期间各月份均有麻疹住院病例,1～6月份398例,占86．1%,5月份最高,为104例,高发时间较以往向后延迟近1个月。流动人口患病多于常住人口,占68．2%。1岁以内婴儿占住院麻疹患者的49．6%,成人占28．1%。高发年龄段明显提前。麻疹集中好发年龄段,婴儿组为6～9个月龄,占64．6%；儿童组为1～5岁,占70．9%；成人组为18～39岁。占86．2%。8个月龄以上、符合麻疹计划免疫接种条件的349例中,接种疫苗者占12．0%,未接种者占88．0%；婴儿组中符合接种条件的116例中有17例接种疫苗,占14．7%；儿童组有接种史者占17．5%；成人组有明确疫苗接种史者仅占5．4%。有明确麻疹接触史者占19．0%。临床以上呼吸道卡他症状、充血性皮疹和发热为主要表现,婴儿组以肺炎、腹泻和白细胞升高多见,成人组则为一过性血尿和腹泻。结论麻疹发病以流动人口为主,免疫接种率低。应加强流动儿童麻疹疫苗的接种或补种,其中婴儿免疫接种的起始月龄应适当提前。为保护易感人群,建议加强成人麻疹免疫抗体水平的监测,育龄妇女应列为强化免疫和监测的重点人群。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the clinical features of children measles in hospital and discuss the preven- tive measures.Methods The clinical data of 462 measles patients from September 2004 to August 2005 in Ditan Hospi- tal were collected and divided into three groups:infant group(younger than one year old),children group(1～17 years old), adult group(18～50years old).Results Measles patients were admitted into the hospital every month,during the one year time.The age of these in-patients ranged from 16 days to 50 years old.289 were male and 173 were female.Measles mainly occurred from January to June(398 cases,accounting for 86.1%),especially in May(104 cases).The peak time of measles in a year was approximately one month later than the previous year.Floating population(68.2% of the cases)was more vulnerable than inhabitant.The incidence of measles in the infant group accounted for 49.6%,adult group for 28.1%.The peak incidence was markedly in younger age.In infant group,measles occurred mainly in 6～9 months old (64.6%),1～5 years old(70.9%)in children group,and 18～39 years old(86.2%)in adult group.In 349 cases who were over 8 months,the rate of measles vaccination was only 12.0%:17 of 116 cases(14.7%)in the infant group,17.5% in children and 5.4% in adult.19.0% cases had a history of direct contact with measles.Patients experienced catarrh,con- gestive rash and fever.Besides,diarrhea and transient hematuria were found in adults,while pneumonia,diarrhea and leu- cocytosis in infansts.Conclusions Measles mostly occurrs in the floating population.The rate of the vaccination is low in this population.The supervision of measles vaccination for the floating population should be reinforced.Vaccination can provide effective immunity for children,including infants.Meanwhile,the levels of the measles antibody should be moni- tored.More attention should be to intensify the women of childbearing age for vaccination and monitoring.更多还原