【摘要】 背景:国内外对体育运动降低状态焦虑的研究很多,虽然研究结果不一,但对体育锻炼降低状态焦虑的结论是肯定的。目的:分析不同运动强度对不同锻炼频度女大学生状态焦虑及生理指标的影响,以期为降低女大学生状态焦虑选择适宜的运动强度。设计:以女大学生为观察对象的随机对照观察。单位:中国计量学院体育军事部。对象:于2004-03/2004-07选择来自上海体育学院管理系和田径系的60名学生为观察对象。根据其锻炼频度(每周锻炼3次、每次30min以上)分为经常参加锻炼组和不经常参加锻炼组,每组各30名。方法:所有调查对象使用瑞士产Monark功率自行车进行20min,运动强度为30%VO2max、75%VO2max的跑台实验,实验对象的运动强度利用吸氧量值与心率间的线性关系来确定。采用状态-特质焦虑量表估学生的焦虑状况,由两张问卷共40项组成。1-20项为状态焦虑问卷,主要用来评价应激情况下的状态焦虑,21-40题为特质焦虑问卷,用于评定人们经常的情绪体验。采用1-4级评分,1=几乎没有,2=有些,3=经常,4=几乎总是如此。分别于运动前及运动后3个时间段穴即刻,5min熏20min雪发放问卷并收回,并于运动前及运动后同样时间段采用PolaR遥测心率仪和HeM-741coMron电子血压计对学生的心率及血压进行测试。主要观察指标:不同运动强度对不同锻炼频度女大学生状态焦虑影响的比较及其心率、血压指标的分析情况。结果:发放问卷60份,回收有效问卷60份,回收率100%。①不同运动强度下状态焦虑的变化情况:不经常参加体育锻炼组在30%VO2max运动后即刻、5min和20min状态焦虑都较实验前有显著性下降(P<0.01),下降幅度为9.286,百分率为24.44%,在75%VO2max运动后3个时间段状态焦虑也有下降,但幅度不大。经常参加体育锻炼组,在75%VO2max运动后3个时间段状态焦虑较实验前显著性下降(P<0.01-0.05),下降幅度为5.757,百分率为19.5%。在30%VO2max实验后20min状态焦虑才出现了较为明显的降低。②心率血压的指标分析情况:经常参加体育锻炼组在实验后心率即刻出现了短暂性升高,随后恢复至实验前水平,舒张压比较稳定。收缩压在实验后即刻也出现了显著性升高,75%VO2max实验后20min收缩压出现了显著性下降,下降幅度最大。不经常参加体育锻炼组心率、收缩压也有先升后降的现象。在30%VO2max、75%VO2max运动后20min收缩压降低明显,而以30%VO2max效果更显著。舒张压在有氧运动后5min、20min都出现了显著性降低。结论:75%VO2max强度的有氧运动对降低经常参加体育锻炼女大学生的状态焦虑有显著效果,30%VO2max强度对不经常参加体育锻炼者效果明显。由于收缩压的降低随状态焦虑同步变化,建议将收缩压作为评价状态焦虑变化的生物学指标之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 BACKGROUND: There are many studies from both domestic and abroad certifying the conclusion that sport exercise can descend state anxiety even though the study outcome is diversified. OBJECTIVE: Analysis of the effects of different exercise intensities on state anxiety and physiologic index of female college students taking different exercise frequencies, in order to take exercise of adequate intensity for descending the state anxiety of female college students. DESIGN: Matched observations, selecting female college students as subjects stochastically. SETTING: Department of Military Sports, China Metrology College. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 60 students from the Management Department and Track and Field Department of Shanghai Physical Culture Institute were selected as the subjects from March 2004 to July 2004. The subjects were categorized into two groups: frequent exercise group and infrequent exercise group according to exercise frequency (3 times per week, above 30 minutes each time), and each group consisted of 30 subjects. METHODS: All subjects were tested on running stage of Swiss-made Monark power bicycle with the time length: 20 minutes, exercise intensity 30%VO2max and 75%VO2max. The exercise intensity of subjects was determined by the linear relationship between oxygen uptake and heart rate. The state anxiety of the students was assessed with state-trait anxiety scale which have 40 items in a survey questionnaire of two pages. The state anxiety was mainly evaluated with the state anxiety survey questionnaire of items 1-20 under stress condition, and the human emotional experiences were appraised with the trait anxiety survey questionnaire of items 21-40. Each scale was then rated from 1-4, 1 = almost nothing, 2 = a little, 3 =sometimes, 4= approximately always. The questionnaire were handed out and collected respectively in 3 time intervals (immediate, 5 minutes, 20 minutes), before and after exercise the students’ heart rate and blood pressure were tested with PoLar distance cardiotachometer and HeM-741c oMron electronic blood pressure gauge in the same time intervals before and after exercise. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of the effects of different exercise intensities on the state anxiety of female college students taking exercise of different frequencies. Evaluation on their heart rate and blood pressure. RESULTS: Totally 60 survey questionnaires were handed out and 60 collected with the collection percentage of 100%. ①Variation of state anxiety under different exercise intensity. In infrequent exercise group,as compared with those prior to the test, the state anxiety of subjects in infrequent exercise are descended remarkably (P < 0.01) in 30%VO2max exercise of the 3 time intervals immediate, 5 minutes and 20 minutes, with the descent amplitude: 9.286, 24.44%; the state anxiety was descended as well in the 75%VO2max exercise of the 3 time intervals, but without remarkable descent amplitude. In frequent exercise group, the state anxiety was descended remarkably (P < 0.01-0.05) in 75%VO2max exercise of the 3 time intervals with the descent amplitude: 5.575, 19.5%; the state anxiety was descended remarkably in 30%VO2max exercise for 20 minutes. ② Assessment on heart rate and blood pressure indexes. In frequent exercise group, heart rate showed temporal elevation immediately after test, and soon resumed to previous level before test;diastolic blood pressure (DBP) remained stable. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) showed temporal elevation immediately after test and SBP showed remarkable descent with the greatest degree in 75%VO2max exercise for 20 minutes. In infrequent exercise group, heart rate and SBP showed descent after elevation. SBP showed descent remarkably in 75%VO2max exercise and 30%VO2max exercise for 20 minutes, and more remarkably in 30%VO2max exercise particularly. DBP showed descent remarkably in aerobic exercise 5 minutes or 20 minutes. CONCLUSION: 75%VO2max aerobic exercise can descend noticeably the state anxiety of female college students in frequent exercise group , and 30%VO2max can effect the state anxiety noticeably of the female college students in infrequent exercise group. We propose that SBP be one of the biological indexes in evaluating the variation of state anxiety because the descent of state anxiety is synchronized with SBP.更多还原