【摘要】 按Griffing双列杂交方法Ⅳ对9个优质蛋白玉米(QPM )骨干自交系进行组配,将获得的36个杂交组合在云南省的昆明、保山、德宏3种不同生态条件下进行鉴定,对自交系的单株产量、株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、千粒重和胚乳硬度进行配合力分析和遗传参数估算。结果表明,组合间各性状的GCA和SCA差异均极显著;各性状的加性方差均大于非加性方差,加性方差占基因型方差比例的大小顺序是株高>穗位高>胚乳硬度>穗行数>千粒重>穗长>行粒数>穗粗>单株产量;综合各性状表现,自交系CML16 6、齐2 0 5利用潜力最高。本研究中综合利用潜力较高的自交系大多是热带玉米种质或者是含有热带、亚热带玉米种质的自交系,而且热带硬质胚乳的QPM自交系能有效改良国内QPM自交系粉质胚乳,这对我国QPM种质改良、扩增具有重要的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The narrow genetic base and soft-endosperm kernel of quality protein maize (QPM) are the main constraints for QPM breeding in China. To enhance and improve the existing Chinese QPM germplasm, it is ne cessary to introduce exotic tropical and subtropical QPM germplasm. The combini ng ability and hereditary parameters of 9 elite QPM inbreds (4 tropical QPM inbr eds and 5 temperate QPM inbreds) for main agronomic characters were analyzed. T he 9 elite QPM inbreds were crossed by Griffing Ⅳ design and the 36 crosses wer e evaluated in three different environments (Kunming, Baoshan and Dehong of Yun nan Province). The results showed that the difference of general combining abil ity (GCA) and special combining ability (SCA) for yield per plant, plan t height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, num ber of kernels per row, thousand-seed weight and endosperm hardness was highly significant. The variance of additive effect was higher than that of non-addit ive effect, the ratio of additive variance to genetic variance was plant height >ear height> endosperm hardness>number of rows per ear>thousand-seed weight>ear length >number of kernels per row>ear diameter>yield per plant. The most potent ial inbreds in Yunnan are CML166 and Qi205. It can be concluded from the study that the promising inbreds almost were either tropical germplasm or the introgre ssing germplasm from tropical germplasm. The tropical hard-endosperm QPM germp lasm could efficiently overcome the deficiency of Chinese temperate soft-endo sperm QPM germplasm. The study provided valuable information for enhancement and improvement of QPM germplasm.更多还原